Media and censorship Free Essays

The media is wherever you turn. The media can be found in different structures, for example, papers, magazines, TV, and radio. During the time spent catching evaluations, whom is the media harming more? Is it individuals who are blamed for a wrongdoing, for example, O. We will compose a custom paper test on Media and restriction or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now J. Simpson, or is it the American public’s ineptitude for thinking all that they hear. The activity of the media ought to be to discover reality and tell it to the individuals. The reporters’ work should resemble a sheet of glass, impeccably clear and plain, through which the peruser may see the significant occasions of the day. The media has the ability to educate the general population, however frequently the data it gets is twisted. The media has the force, albeit backhanded, to impact people’s assessments; it has molded our perspective on society and the procedure by which we pick our pioneers, make our principles, and develop our qualities. The media advances what it accepts is most straightforward for general society to acknowledge, yet in the process it neglects to cover the issues properly. The media can make us more astute, more full, and increasingly mindful. Lamentably, the media’s inclinations veer more towards blurring the public’s decisions, and creating turmoil and frustration. In this way, impediments extraordinarily should be put upon the United States Constitution with respect to opportunity discourse and of the press on the grounds that directly the media is accomplishing more mischief than anything. As a rule, restriction is the guideline and control of data and thoughts that are circled among individuals inside a general public. It alludes to the assessment of electronic and print media for the motivations behind adjusting and additionally stifling pieces of the media thought to be unseemly as well as hostile (Microsoft Encarta) The ramifications of oversight is that it is essential for the insurance of the review open. Erotic entertainment, commendation of wrongdoing, groups, psychological oppression, rebellious, infringement of national security, ethical quality, restriction to the political or strict foundation are materials that can be traded through the previously mentioned media, and are exposed to control. From the beginning of time there have been endeavors to blue pencil what individuals can peruse, compose, talk, make, tune in to and see. The action word â€Å"to censor† is characterized in Webster’s Dictionary as â€Å"to adjust, erase, or boycott totally after examination.†Ã¢ One endeavor to direct the media came when the Fairness Doctrine was built up in 1934. This convention was organized to guarantee that openly claimed TV and radio broadcasts would not be one-sided and would not advance their own perspectives. The Federal Communications Council (FCC) was made to uphold this convention. In 1987, under the Reagan Administration, the Fairness Doctrine was denied. (Body) The job of the FCC changed, in this manner developing to screen the fairness of materials introduced on the radio and TV. With the abolishment of the Fairness Doctrine, the window for disputable columnists was opened. Along these lines, America saw the development of two in number willed characters †Rush Limbaugh and Howard Stern (Green). The Communication Decency Act (CDA) embraced in 1996, is the most significant ongoing advancement in the United States, with respect to restriction and the Internet. The CDA made it an unlawful wrongdoing to send â€Å"indecent material by the Internet into others computers† (Wilkins, 5).â â€Å"Everyone has the privilege to opportunity of sentiment and articulation; this privilege incorporates opportunity to hold feelings without obstruction and to look for, get and bestow data and thoughts through any media and paying little mind to frontiers†. (Widespread Declaration of Human Rights, Article 19)â The Freedom of articulation is a correct that â€Å"shall not be liable to earlier censorship.† (The American Convention on Human Rights states, Article 13). Global laws permit governments to limit the free progression of data as a method of ensuring classified information, for example, national security or open morals. Materials ought to be exposed to a specific switch of assessment inline with universal principles before it is distributed, and preceding control, which ordinarily incorporates request whether there are different approaches to secure those interests that are less prohibitive of the option to free articulation. Society has been influenced and will keep on being influenced by TV as well as the media when all is said in done. TV is a consistent type of diversion and every so often a normal wellspring of news. In any case, TV has been accused for a lot of social orders imperfections since it is anything but difficult to ascribe it to savagery in the media and a social of absence of activity. TV is a little piece of an a lot bigger cultural picture and ought to be weighed in that capacity. TV is a multi billion-dollar industry. The essential worry of the media business is to net a benefit and afterward engage the customers. The system with the most noteworthy rating implies more benefit the system. Control isn't just disputable yet additionally very hard to actualize. Who chooses what is improper or excessively savage, such ambiguous phrasing would be hard to characterize. For a long time the film business has polished a type of self-oversight. Expanding requests from the open constrained the business to build up a framework characterization in 1968. (Microsoft Encarta)â The significant systems deliberately stick to an automatic framework this is related to guidelines built up by the Federal Communications Commission. The V-chip is the most present weapon in the TV restriction fight. Guardians can obstruct certain channels with the goal that youngsters are not presented to rough programming. (Aversa) For the most part, information is scattered as movies, distributions, PC games, and Internet content, and the Internet is viewed as the fundamental media by means of which data can be shared and gotten to easily.â The Internet is the epitome of the Information period, and the unstable development of the Internet carried all edges of the world to arrive at anybody with a PC, by surfing through an apparently perpetual library of data. The guidelines administering the Internet are somewhat less exacting than those controlling the media that are generally available to the majority like distributions and broadcast.â Computer Bulletin Boards Systems (BBS) are worked by people, or associations. The distributed material is typically theme arranged introducing data on interests and leisure activities, while BBS frameworks may likewise contain grown-up situated material, and endeavors are applied to restrain minors from getting to the data encased in those frameworks. (Electronic Frontier Foundation) As computerized innovation is developing, freedoms in the internet and in distributions are compromised by government and corporate practices. As indicated by certain boards, establishments and developments, restriction is a risky weapon in the possession of governments. A portion of these establishments are: The Free Software Foundation, The Citizens Internet Empowerment Coalition (CIEC), Electronic wilderness establishment (EFF), The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU). (Microsoft Encarta) Taking everything into account, by what method should the media be directed? Numerous individuals feel that the answer for the issue is to make another media tenet of poise. Adversaries of this vibe this would change the data and this nation would advance into a tyranny. Be that as it may, if something isn't done soon, who realize what will occur? On the off chance that the media doesn't set up an inner arrangement of self-guideline, the administration will clearly barge in; this is a stage that will start with guideline and at last lead to add up to restriction. Opportunity of the press is simply the foundation of America’s picture. The topic of free discourse is seemingly one of the most intricate of every single protected issue. To take care of the issue, there must be an association between the media and the American open. In the event that general society focuses on not needing the untruths and tattle, the media won't attempt to take care of it to them; however as America keeps on being entranced by falsehoods and tattle, at that point the press will keep on printing it. The probability of this happening is thin. The administration, in this way, needs to step in. Uncommon changes to the Constitution with respect to one side to opportunity of press and discourse should be set up so as to keep away from such clashes later on. While it ought not be the government’s position to choose what sort of data the media may discharge, lamentably no other medium at present exists through which this data can be filtered. Catalog:  §Ã¢ The American Convention on Human Rights, 22 November 1969,â 2004  §Ã¢ Universal Declaration of Human Rights. UN Website, 2004 http://www.un.org/Overview/rights.html  §Ã¢ Green, Jonathan. The Encyclopedia of Censorship. New York: Facts on File, 1990.  §Ã¢ Hull, Mary E. Control in America: A Reference Handbook. Santa Clause Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 1999  §Ã¢ Wilkins, J. â€Å"Protecting our kids from Internet filth: moral obligation or good panic?† The Humanist, 57 (Oct/Nov), 1997  §Ã¢ Aversa, Jeannine. FCC Adopts V-Chip Rules They Associated Press. 12 March 1998  §Ã¢ â€Å"Censorship,† Microsoftâ ® Encartaâ ® Online Encyclopedia, 2004 http://encarta.msn.com  §Ã¢ Electronic Frontier Foundation. Online Censorship Free Expression, Internet Blocking Censorware. 2004 http://www.eff.org/Censorship/Censorware/#main  The most effective method to refer to Media and control, Essay models

SUMMARY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Synopsis - Essay Example Before the Revolution emitted in the United States, the arranging and structuring of the network - in the spatial/physical sense - in the Colonial America were to a great extent held by an individual grantee. An impersonation of the seventeenth century (or a lot prior) European urban arranging, the organizing as well as rebuilding of spots or towns in the pre-progressive America was under the sole intensity of a distinct individual. The grantor or giver was typically a high positioning authority - as for Europe, it was the imperial lord/sovereign who made and administered land proprietorship to certain individual - who provided for an individual a power to design or reconfigure a specific region or town. In the mid eighteenth century America, for example, a man named James Oglethorpe was given a land award wherein he made or reproduced the Savannah scene. In Oglethorpe’s configuration plan, the setup is noticeably four-sided. Attracted vertical and even lines that merge as squ are squares, Oglethorpe’s Savannah is a kind of urban arranging which is a quality of his time. It is critical that Oglethorpe’s arranging configuration is practically even to William Penn’s 1682 Philadelphia plan. Of their similitudes are the road designs, nearness of the open spaces, and network square structures. Furthermore, of their disparities are the particular area of open spaces and the specific spatial element of essential and auxiliary roadways. As it appears, the metropolitan and additionally urban scene noticeable in the Colonial America in the pre-upheaval time was significantly decided or chosen by an individual grantee. All the while, he had the limit or authenticity to shape or structure the spot as per his taste and loving. In the Revolution time, then again, the town/urban organizers moved from the grantee to a particular gathering direction - especially the business world class. The government or its portrayal in the previous Colonial America basically lost its capacity to concede or grant a land parcel to a solitary individual. In this verifiable period, independence or corporate greed ruled over the arrangement of government or pecking order. When all is said in done, the civil force or political grasp was incredibly superseded by the â€Å"enormous development pressures.† With the American Revolution additionally came the rise of the mechanical transformation in America. As a result, business and trade appeared to run in the recently conceived place where there is the free - which incorporated the unhindered commerce. It is essential that the job of the state or political organization set apart in the United States in the early time of the Revolution time was obviously unclear, if not questionable, corresponding to the urban arranging. In other words, the U.S. Government, in its initial foundation and organization, fundamentally comes up short on the power or seemingly the will to control the spatial/physical setup of the American scene, seascape, and air-scape. Maybe the nonappearance of political control or authority in the structure and plan of the networks - in the creative or compositional strand - was expected to a great extent to the major standards held beyond a reasonable doubt by the American revolutionists: independence or liberal governmental issues. Without a doubt, radicalism turned into the well known philosophical framework in the progressive America. Thereupon, the gathering of world class - the individuals who are wealthy in the American culture - had the option to make sure about the influence or authority over land and land

A Poison Tree Poem by William Blake

What should a guide to proper cell phone use include Essay

What should a manual for appropriate phone use incorporate - Essay Example position, in workplaces or during any official business, in schools and emergency clinics, talking boisterously on mobile phones or the uproarious ringing of the telephones are viewed as not rude but rather additionally diverting. Also, there are sure conventional limitations on wireless use, for example, when driving, when going across the street, or during a flight. This is on the grounds that chatting on the telephone while driving or going across the road may occupy ones consideration from being alert and in this manner lead to mishaps. PDA utilization while driving has been carefully precluded as being excessively perilous to ones wellbeing and furthermore those of others out and about. Thirdly, there are a few manners that go with utilizing phones in broad daylight. For instance, talking boisterously on the telephone, utilizing uproarious ring tones, tuning in on somebody else’s discussion are a portion of the essential behaviors that one ought to follow. Likewise, in specific structures for security reasons, phones are not permitted and the guidelines set up by these structures ought to be regarded. At long last, notice should likewise be made of the way that few tests have demonstrated the hurtful wellbeing impacts of drawn out and over the top utilization of mobile phones. Utilizing these telephones for meaningful discussions and furthermore utilizing them a few times each day may prompt medical issues with the end goal that harmful effect on the synapses. Taking everything into account it might be said that while they are no uncertainty helpful, it is fitting that PDAs be utilized as per certain rules as referenced above and furthermore not utilized

A brief history of 2.007, the MIT class that inspired FIRST Robotics

A brief history of 2.007, the MIT class that inspired FIRST Robotics If youre like me (and Im willing to bet a lot of our readers), then you spent last Friday and Saturday eagerly awaiting the unveiling of the 2016 FIRST Robotics FRC  game at the annual kickoff event. Ive blogged before about FIRST, which was a transformational experience for me as a high school student, and which I have been involved with as a student, mentor, and (now) admissions liaison since 2002. Before I came to MIT, I knew that Professor Woodie Flowers had helped Dean Kamen found FIRST back in 1992. What I didnt know at the time is that FIRST was actually modeled after a legendary MIT class in mechanical engineering, 2.007, which Woodie started teaching at MIT in the early 1970s. For decades, 2.007 has been a core course in mechanical engineering at MIT. Our own Dean of Admissions Stu Schmill took it with Woodie back in the 80s; one of his classmates, Megan Smith is now the current Chief Technology Officer of the United States and the former head of Google[x]. Its been called MITs most famous class, and is certainly among the most infuential. Last week, MechE put up a great video outlining the history of 2.007 (or, as it was once called, 2.70), complete with 70s era footage of Young Woodie Flowers talking about the 2.007 kit of parts (or bag of junk as it was called then). I figured I would post it here for those of you for whom, like me, Woodie has long been a role model and mentor. Its also a great explanation of what its like to be a mechanical engineer at MIT, and something of the teaching philosophy that defines Course 2. And for those of you in FRC have fun with Stronghold! Its the first game in a long time I am legit jealous I wont get to participate in a build season for. See some of you in St Louis!

Write Your College Essays

Write Your College Essays June 13, 2012 The time is now to start to write your college essays! Not tomorrow. Now. Start typing. Now that school is out for summer, its time to start to write your college essays! You no longer have schoolwork and studying to use as an excuse. Now is the perfect time to begin the process of brainstorming exactly what youre going to write about for college admissions counselors to read. And then once youre done brainstorming, its time to start actually typing those essays! If you wait until the fall, youll be inundated with schoolwork all over again and youll be sorry you didnt take advantage of the summer months to write possibly the most important essays youll ever write. While five years ago, students who applied to highly selective colleges tended to apply to 9 to 12 universities, students now often apply to as many as 15 colleges. And there are even some students who apply to the maximum number of colleges allowed by the Common App. That would mean that they apply to 20 colleges. Yes, you read that figure correctly! And if youre wondering, we at Ivy Coach think applying to 20 colleges is completely over the top. But even if youre applying to, say, 12 to 15 colleges, know that youve got a whole lot of college essays ahead of you to write. In addition to the two essays on the Common App, many highly selective colleges have supplemental   essays. In fact, some of the highly selective colleges have as many as 5 or 6 supplemental essays! So dont think just because youve knocked out the two Common App. essays that youre done. Youre a long way from done. Youre closer to just getting started! So start brainstormingand start writing your college essays! Now. Seriously.

The Field Of Education And The Area Of Serving Students...

1. How do you perceive the field of education changing, especially in the area of serving students with special needs? The field of education is dramatically changing at an unprecedented rate. For example, a greater percentage of students are identified with autism than in the past ten years. The general education teacher is becoming more and more aware of special needs students due to inclusionary practices and must adapt his/her curriculum to help all students achieve. This can be a roadblock for the general education teacher if the special education teacher is consistently relied on for help. The increase in the special education population is now requiring more educators to be dually certified in order to service all students in all situations. 2. What types of training or education have you received to prepare you for serving students with special needs and their families? My education began 30 years with an associate’s degree in Early Childhood. I had my first internship at a daycare/private school, where I was introduced to Daniel who was autistic. It was my first time with an autistic student and I learned a great deal by watching the head teacher work with him on a daily basis. I knew then that I wanted to be a teacher. I finished with my Elementary and Early Childhood, Bachelor’s degree in 2012. I am certified in Early Childhood N-3. Currently, I am enrolled in Wilkes University for Special Education and will finish with a Master’s degree. I amShow MoreRelatedMy Initial Interest Of Special Education1145 Words   |  5 Pages My initial interest in special education seamlessly developed from a strong desire to serve my community, evolving through my work as a Behavior Interventionist. I recall my first session with a six-year-old boy diagnosed with classical autism. Developmentally, there was an impairment in social interaction, and profound lack of spoken language attempting communicate through gestures. As my first student, he definitely brought new challenges, but the momentum he was gaining through our services wasRead MoreMotivational Factors Toward Pursuing a Career in Special Education.1113 Words   |  5 Pagesinitially pursue careers in special education, factors which contributed toward their plans to remain or leave the field, and their perceptions of school districts effective and ineffective recruitment and retention practices. The sample comprised of 15 individuals employed in public schools throughout north Texas who initially pursued careers in special education. Data were collected through the form of audio-recorded semi-structured telephone interviews. Empathy towards students, family, and opportunitiesRead MoreSpecial Education Teacher Essay1193 Words   |  5 PagesTo be a Special Education Teacher, you must be able to work with children and youths that have a variety of disabilities. 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Those elements included lessRead MoreApplication Letter Essay1254 Words   |  6 PagesDear Admissions Committee: I am applying to your Master of Education in Counseling Education program for the spring of 2018. I graduated from Claflin University with a Bachelor of Science degree in Business Administration with a concentration in Finance. When I first entered college in 2006 I had no solid career goals. I went to the school I thought my parents wanted me to go to and ended up majoring in a field where I felt I could begin a lucrative career. In the end this lead me to a numberRead MoreThe Texas Education Agency ( Tea )935 Words   |  4 PagesA Gifted and talented (G/T) student† is â€Å"one who . . . exhibits high performance capability in an intellectual, creative, or artistic area, possesses an unusual capacity for leadership, or excels in a specific academic field† (Aldine ISD Board Policy Manual, 2014). 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Prior to observing I had high expectations forRead MoreUniversity Of Cambridge Admissions Essay1003 Words   |  5 PagesAdmissions With 800-year history of research and education, University of Cambridge has been a wonderland for those who are seeking a perfect place and academic atmosphere to develop ideas and advance knowledge. Being a student here, you can interchange your ideas with other students, academic staff who are pioneers in their fields and those frequent visiting lecturers. Today, around 20,000 students are studying at Cambridge, among which 7,500 are graduate students with 50% coming from overseas, and over

Restraint in Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness Essay

Restraint! I would have just as soon expected restraint from a hyena prowling amongst the corpses of a battle, comments Marlow as he questions why the hungry cannibals aboard his steamer hadnt gone for the white crew members (Conrad 43). The glimpse of the steamboat . . . filled those savages with unrestrained grief, Marlow explains after recalling the cries of the natives seeing the steamer amidst a brief fog lift (Conrad 44). Poor fool! He had no restraint, no restraint . . .a tree swayed by the wind, speaks Marlow of a slain helmsman amidst an attack by tribal savages (Conrad 52). Mr. Kurtz lacked restraint in the gratification of his various lusts, says Marlow a few moments after he tells of his first glimpse of†¦show more content†¦But if one accepts the title as meaning, in essence, the heart which has the quality of being dark, one has to consider the associations of darkness. Though darkness ordinarily connotes evil, Conrad brings still more ambiguities about light a nd dark into the mix as the novel progresses. Ivory, a constant presence in the novel, gains associations with the horrors of European colonialism and human materialism. The whiteness of ivory, therefore, cannot denote the positive, pure associations normally used by writers. Most critics believe the story is set in light and dark polarities (Ong 61), but clearly, there is vagueness and ambiguity throughout the novel. If one attempts to answer any such questions, still more arise. Watts validly concludes that the title offers a certain disturbing mysteriousness through the immediate possibility of alternative glosses (55). The mysteriousness of the title is the first indicator of the mysteriousness of Marlows journey into Africa. Seemingly no one--Marlow, Kurtz, the reader--is quite certain if any conclusions he draws over the course of the story are completely accurate. Consideration of the framing narrative is important in evaluating Heart of Darkness. In the beginning, the nameless framing narrator, three other guests, and Marlow are cruising quietly about the Thames aboard the Nellie. The narrator recalls great men from Englands past who have sailed about the Thames. SirShow MoreRelated Symbols and Symbolism in Conrads Heart of Darkness Essay1488 Words   |  6 PagesUse of Symbolism in Heart of Darkness       Joseph Conrad played a major role in the development of the twentieth-century novel.   Many devices that Conrad applied for the first time to his novels gained wide usage in the literary period he helped to create.   Perhaps the most effective of his pioneering techniques was his application of symbolism in his novels.   In Heart of Darkness, Conrads symbolism plays a dominant role in the advancement of themes in the novel.   These themes are revealedRead MoreHeart of Darkness on the Flaws of Imperial Authority1024 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"Heart of Darkness† on the Flaws of Imperial Authority Throughout Joseph Conrad’s â€Å"Heart of Darkness† despite the many conditions of the described Africa most if not all the characters agree that these conditions indeed differ from the conditions found in Europe. In working through conversations with Chinua Achebe’s Colonialist Criticism and An Image of Africa: Racism in Conrads Heart of Darkness it can be brought to light that not only is Conrad’s â€Å"Heart of Darkness† a novel that criticizesRead More An Image of Africa Essay1050 Words   |  5 PagesAn Image of Africa Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad has been depicted as â€Å"among the half-dozen greatest short novels in the English language.† [pg.1] Chinua Achebe believes otherwise. In Chinua Achebe’s An Image of Africa: Racism is Conrad’s Heart of Darkness he simply states that, â€Å"Joseph Conrad was a thoroughgoing racist† [pg.5] Achebe argues that the racist observed in the Heart of Darkness is expressed due to the western psychology or as Achebe states â€Å"desire,† this being to show AfricaRead More Light and Dark of Colonialism and Imperialism in Heart of Darkness1542 Words   |  7 PagesThe Light and Dark of Colonialism Exposed in Heart of Darkness       In Heart of Darkness, Joseph Conrad, challenges a dominant view by exposing the evil nature and the darkness associated with the colonialist ventures. It is expressed by Marlow as robbery with violence, aggravated murder on a great scale, and men going at it blind - as it is very proper for those who tackle a darkness. The European colonialists are portrayed as blind lightbearers, people having a faà §ade of progress and cultureRead MoreEssay about Feminist Imagery in Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness1220 Words   |  5 PagesImagery in Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness Many feminist critics have used Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness to show how Marolw constructs parallels and personification between women and the inanimate jungle that he speaks of. The jungle that houses the savages and the remarkable Kurtz has many feminine characteristics. By the end of the novel, it is the same feminized wilderness and darkness that Marlow identifies as being the cause of Kurtzs mental and physical collapse. In Heart of DarknessRead MoreCorruption Of Imperialism In Joseph Conrads Heart Of Darkness1473 Words   |  6 Pagessome individuals may maintain their integrity in corrupt situations, and therefore not become corrupt themselves. Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad relates to both the idea that an individual can become corrupt in a corrupt environment, and that some individuals can uphold their integrity in a corrupt situation. Both of these reactions can be seen in the main characters of Heart of Darkness, Kurtz and Marlow, in Kurtz’ becoming corrupt due to imperialism in the Congo, while still upholding some integrityRead MoreEssay about Heart of Darkness1745 Words   |  7 Pagesin depth review of Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness, a classical novella that illustrates without bias the motives behind human intentions and the extremes individuals can go to achieve wealth and profits at the expense of others with the aim of shedding insight into the rise of European i mperialism, the imperial history, its politics and evil activities in the colonized African tribes along the river Congo during the eighteenth and nineteenth century. The Heart of Darkness is an exceptionallyRead More moralhod Moral Ambiguity in Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness1227 Words   |  5 PagesMoral Ambiguity in Heart of Darkness    In Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness we see various attitudes toward morality. It is extremely difficult, maybe impossible, to deduce the exact endorsement of morality that Conrad intended. Conrad provides his readers with several instances where the interpretation of morality is circumstantial, relative, and even indeterminable. One finds many situations in the novel that lie somewhere between morality, immorality, and amorality. A few examples fromRead MoreHeart Of Darkness By Joseph Conrad1378 Words   |  6 PagesBecca Woytassek AP English 12 Heart of Darkness Reading Log Author: Joseph Conrad Title: Heart of Darkness Original Publication Date: 1899 Kind of Writing: Heart of Darkness is a colonial novella of an expository narrative. Writer’s Purpose and Intended Audience Joseph Conrad wrote Heart of Darkness because he wanted to expose human temptation to experiment with darkness when one’s own desires overcome one’s morals. By writing from his own experience of exploring the Congo, Conrad draws conclusionsRead More Comparing Colonialism and Imperialism in Heart of Darkness and Kiplings Poetry1515 Words   |  7 PagesImperialism in Heart of Darkness and Kiplings Poetry   Ã‚  Ã‚   Imperialism sprung from an altruistic and unselfish aim to take up the white mans burden1 and â€Å"wean [the] ignorant millions from their horrid ways.†2 These two citations are, of course, from Kipling’s â€Å"White Man’s Burden† and Conrad’s Heart of Darkness, respectively, and they splendidly encompass what British and European imperialism was about – at least seen from the late-nineteenth century point of view. This essay seeks to explore

International Relations During The Great Depression

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS DURING THE GREAT DEPRESSION Janine Douglas CHST 504 Professor Kasprzak 16 July, 2015 The First World War rocked the world into a modern era of warfare and diplomacy. The twentieth century had started with a literal bang, that scarred the world with the amount of devastation they had not known they were capable of. This would be the beginning of a few decades that would be tumultuous - to say the least - for Europe. Close on the heels of the First World War came the Stock Market Crash of 1929, and the 1930s would come to be known as an era of economic depression, fractured international relationships, appeasement, and totalitarian governments that would rise up and cause devastation that would echo into the next century. International relationships during the 1930s were greatly affected by the consequences of the First World War, as well as the economic downfall of the Great Depression. Europe following the First World War was like an injured dog , retreating with its tail between its legs to lick its wounds. The devastation of the First World War caused most European countries to isolate themselves in their own failing economies, in an attempt to rehabilitate after the destruction of the war. The 1920s saw demilitarization in Britain, France, America, Germany, and most every country. The aim, here was to forget the horror that the world had just gone through, and to ensure that it did not happen again. However, despite having signed theShow MoreRelatedGlobal Effects Of The Great Depression Essay1099 Words   |  5 PagesGrace Young Dr. John R. Dabrowski American History II, AMH-2020-H01 7 December 2016 Global Effects of the Great Depression When the American stock market crashed on the infamous Black Tuesday in October 1929, the resulting circumstances were felt worldwide. This crisis resulted in a devastating economic collapse. The ensuing Great Depression was in fact a global event. The world was not immediately engulfed by this wave of economic decline. The timing of economic events varied greatly among nationsRead MoreThe Cold War And The International Political Economy1076 Words   |  5 Pages The Cold War and The International Political Economy in the 1970s The article that is going to be reflected in the following paragraphs attempts to describe the connection between the Cold War and the transfigurations of the political economy throughout that time period. In doing so, the article, â€Å"The Cold War and The International Political Economy in the 1970s†, examines various forms of scholarly literature on the topic. Often times, the Cold War and international political economy are disconnectedRead MoreFranklin D. Roosevelt s Presidency925 Words   |  4 Pagesnations† (___). The most significant policy in international relations of Franklin Roosevelt’s administration was the of the Good Neighbor Policy in 1933. There were several factors that contributed to the development of this policy during that particular time period and also individuals who aided in its creation and implementation. Historical Overview Around the time the Good Neighbor Policy was developed, the world was in turmoil. The depression that occurred after World War I made its way intoRead MoreTaking a Look at the League of Nations841 Words   |  3 PagesIn this essay i am going to write about The League of Nations and different accepts how failed and how it is happened and .Policy Brief The League of Nations - the first international organisation that its main objective is put strengthen international relationships and the transparency of these relations in the countries of the world . Also served as a pretext to create devastation after . 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In 1933, when the economy was at its bleakest, FDR took office and during his Inaugural Address, promised the American people that he would take swift action in trying to fix the depression with his New Deal which was a series of programs that were enacted in the United States in order to try and save the economy. Overall, FDR’s presidency was one of the most important presidencies in the history of the United States. On October 29th, 1929, the Great Depression hit. SomeRead MoreThe Enigma Of Capital And The Crisis Of Capitalism By David Harvey779 Words   |  4 PagesMarcus Rincon International Political Economy A.Yansane Monday- Wednesday 210-350 Enigma Capital INTRODUCTION The book that I chose to do my book review on was The Enigma of Capital and The Crisis of Capitalism by David Harvey. (Oxford University Press, 2011). The book is about capital flow and how it dictates the very essence of our everyday life. Harvey’s purpose of the book is to help gain a critical understanding of the systemic logic of capitalism and of the role that periodic crisis playsRead MorePresident Franklin D. Roosevelt s New Deal1279 Words   |  6 PagesThe nation was in a state of crisis when Franklin D. Roosevelt took office in 1933. The Great Depression had caused severe unemployment (up to 90% in some cities!), business failures, and serious disruptions in international trade. It’s no understatement that Roosevelt had a lot of work to do to fix the nation and restore trust in the government! This is when FDR’s New Deal comes in. As an AP US History student, it is important for you to know what the New Deal is, but also why it is important.Read MoreTaking a Look at the 1920s1642 Words   |  7 PagesStates. During this period, the most dynamic sectors of the U.S. economy were now led by large companies, operating nationwide, many with professional management, under control of a bureaucracy headed by hired executives. The regulating or coordinating authorities or public bodies was weak. Prior to 1930, there was a degree of freedom of business activity, protected from state interference, without any parallel with the business environment, which was more regulated after the Great Depression. TheRead MoreWar I And World War II1264 Words   |  6 Pages During any war, there will alwaAys be alliances made which stick even after the war has been dissolved. Postwar foreign policy after wars such as World War I and World War II was complicated and both had their similarities and differences from each other. World War I (WWI) strengthened our international relations with many countries, It also deteriorated some relations as well and set the stage for America becoming a great power. World War II (WWII) had some of the same effects, solidating our

The Diverse Nature Of Psychology - 1157 Words

The Diversity Nature of Psychology Anna Van Norton PSY/490 June 29, 2015 Dr. Edna Foster The Diverse Nature of Psychology Psychology is a diverse area of study; it is not an easy task. The field of psychology is so diverse and is always changing and evolving. Because of the always expanding of nature, there is not just only one theory that can explain and answer all of the questions that are associated with psychology. Psychology has always been defined by its diversity. It is the unique diversity that allows a psychologist to elaborate and expand on the areas of diagnosis, explanation and assessments of the discipline. This will focus on the influences that diversity has on psychology s major concepts, identify two examples of sub-disciplines and two examples of subtopics found in psychology as well as examining how the sub-disciplines and subtopics talked about could be applied to other disciplines as well as venues in contemporary society. Diversity has influences on the major concepts in psychology in more ways than one. The humanistic, cognitive behavioral and psychodynamic perspectives repres ent different views of human behavior; these concepts provide a respected theory to human nature. The variety of these perspectives and their respective variations are reflective of the diverse thinking that is seen among humanity. There is not any individual that will look at an event in the same way as another individual, and the same can be noted forShow MoreRelatedThe Diverse Nature Of Psychology1183 Words   |  5 PagesThe Diverse Nature of Psychology When a person is asked about what psychology means, typically the first definition heard is human behavior and then usually the mind and brain are next. While those definitions are partially true, the field of psychology is essentially an umbrella term used to describe several different subdisciplines of psychology. Some subdisciplines focus on different aspects of a person such as cognition, motivation, behaviors, personality and other subdisciplines focus theRead MoreThe Diverse Nature Of Psychology1200 Words   |  5 Pages The Diverse Nature of Psychology Name Institution The Diverse Nature of Psychology Introduction Psychology consists of a wide collection of diverse concepts, which influence its precise nature that includes the study of behavior and mind in different organisms. Ideally, these organisms range from the most complex to the most primitive. In essence, diversity involves recognizing the variability of characteristics, which make people unique such as their physical appearance, partnered/maritalRead MoreThe Diverse Nature of Psychology Essays919 Words   |  4 PagesThe Diverse Nature of Psychology Psychology, though a young field, is a uniquely successful one, flourishing in the twentieth century through intellectual and social expansion (Darity, 2008). From its philosophical roots to its emergence as a scientific discipline, the field of psychology has been concerned with behavior and mental processes. By its very nature, the field is diverse encompassing many subdisciplines and areas. The American Psychological Association recognizes more than 50 differentRead MoreDiverse Nature of Psychology Essay1150 Words   |  5 PagesDiverse Nature of Psychology Jessica Champion PSY / 490 July 2, 2012 University of Phoenix Diverse Nature of Psychology Psychology is a diverse area of study. Within this paper it will discuss the influence of diversity and it’s major concepts within psychology. It will also discuss subtopics within psychology, as well as how subtopics are identified, and applied to other disciplines within society. As well as, explain how these subtopics affect my personal theoretical perspective. LastlyRead MoreThe Diverse Nature of Psychology Paper951 Words   |  4 PagesThe Diverse Nature of Psychology Paper Sophia Martinez Psychology 490 Capstone Course in Psychology October 5, 2011 Giselle Gourrier, Ph.D. The Diverse Nature of Psychology Paper Psychology is a discipline that has extensive implications for other areas of science while simultaneously maintaining a narrow concern for the derivation of scientific knowledge about human and non-human behavior (Stanovich, 2010). This paper is concerned with the assessment of two sub-disciplines and sub-topicsRead MoreThe Diverse Nature of Psychology Essay examples1075 Words   |  5 PagesThe Diverse Nature of Psychology The American Psychological Association has identified 54 divisions within the field of psychology (Plante, 2011). Each division has stemmed from one of the seven major perspectives: psychodynamic, behavioral, humanistic, cognitive, sociocultural, biological, and evolutionary. This diversity within psychology, allows psychologists the ability to expand in all areas of explanation, assessment, and diagnoses, which furthers the science of psychology through many differentRead MoreThe Diver810 Words   |  4 Pagesse Nature of Psychology The Diverse Nature of Psychology Christine Woyner PSY 490 September 19, 2011 Edna Foster The Diverse Nature of Psychology The diverse nature of psychology begins with making a difference in a diverse setting. This involves the implementation of critical psychology concepts, subdisciplines and subtopics, motivation, behaviorism, and cognition. Moreover, these subdisciplines and subtopics may be applied to other disciplines in contemporary society. In additionRead MoreThe Study of Human Behavior in Given Situations1613 Words   |  7 PagesPsychology is a social science study that covers diverse subject topics and carries out different forms of research in order to understand the development and function of human beings. It is a scientific study that focuses on peoples mind and its functions especially those affecting behavior in a particular context. Psychology is divided into different branches, and each branch addresses its own form of content in relation to mental processes and behavior. Social psychology is one of the psychologyRead MoreAdolescent Psychology Essay 31067 Words   |  5 PagesQues tion: What Is Psychology? One of the most common questions asked by students new to the study of psychology is What is psychology? Misperceptions created by popular media as well as the diverse careers paths of those holding psychology degrees have contributed this confusion. Psychology is both an applied and academic field that studies the human mind and behavior. Research in psychology seeks to understand and explain thought, emotion, and behavior. Applications of psychology include mentalRead MoreThe Founding Of The First Laboratory By Wilhelm Wundt Essay797 Words   |  4 Pagesof the first laboratory by Wilhelm Wundt in 1879 began the fascination for psychological research. Psychology had not yet became a science until Wundt realized that human activities can be examined through careful observations, manipulations, descriptions, and control aimed at measuring/ predicting behavior. Early on psychology was about the study of behavior and mental processes. Today, psychology ranges from neural messages to cultural influences. Wundt adopted protocols from physiology and physics

Ratios Free Essays

Their quick ratio Is lower than Its current ratios which their current assets are decidedly reliant on inventory. Therefore they may not be able to pay Its current liabilities when needed and on time without liquidating Its Inventories which then may lead to Insolvency. Furthermore due to too much stockholders their turnover account receivable for 2012 and 2013 effects to poor cash management but still their long term assets are purchasing Its short term Ratios By a_attitude more difficulties paying its current obligations on time in 2013 than 2012. We will write a custom essay sample on Ratios or any similar topic only for you Order Now The quick ratios equation shows that Dutch Lady has more overstocking problem in 2013 than 2012. Although their cycle is above 1, in this case as it increases from 1. 01 times to 1. 37 times, the company is still not in a good condition. Their quick ratio is lower than its current ratios which their current assets are decidedly reliant on inventory. How to cite Ratios, Papers

John Deere Complex Parts Essay Paper Example For Students

John Deere Complex Parts Essay Paper They are the worlds leading manufacturer of farm and forestry equipment, and also produce construction, commercial and consumer equipment. Other products and services produced by Deere included equipment financing, power systems, special technologies and healthcare. Net sales in 2006 were over U. S. $19 billion with total assets of more than IS,S, $34 billion, Cost of goods sold in 2006 was approximately U. S. $15 billion. Complex Parts, Inc. Ad been a supplier of John Deere for the past 10 years with annual sales to their Moline unit of approximately IIS $3_S million. They supplied Deere with a key manufactured part requiring significant engineering input and testing. Two other Deere suppliers were capable of supplying this part; however, Complex Parts was providing all of Deers needs at the time. They had always taken a proactive approach to their dealings With John Deere, with sales engineers visiting weekly, participating in Dress cost reduction strategies, staying up With Deers design changes, and internalizing he Deere Product Quality Plan. Complex Parts was interested in increasing their sales to Deere. John Deers Achieving Excellence Program The Achieving Excellence Program (APE) was a dynamic supply management strategy aimed at giving Deere and its suppliers the competitive advantage necessary to deliver world class equipment to customers. The APE strives to develop long-lasting supplier relationships through use of a supplier evaluation process that promoted communication, trust, cooperation and continuous improvement. Suppliers were evaluated in five key areas by teams to Deere response from supply management, operations, quality engineering and product development. These evaluation areas were quality, delivery, cost management, wavelength, and technical support. I _ Reprinted with permission from the publisher, the Institute for Supply Management. John Deere and Complex Parts, Inc. by Joel Wiser, PhD, C. P. M. , University of Nevada, Lass Vegas (Joel. [emailprotected] Du). This case was prepared solely to provide material for class discussion. The author does not intend to illustrate either effective Or ineffective handling off managerial situation. The author has disguised names and Other identifying information to protect confidentiality. 3 Part 2 Supply Issues The quality rating was a quantitative measure calculated as: rejects/unit of supplied product) XSL Thus, a quality rating of 1 ,OHO would be equivalent to one reject per 1,000 units delivered. The delivery rating provided a measure of how well a supplier met Deers specified delivery dates and purchase quantities. The delivery rating was calculated as: early 4 late over instance)] x Th us, a delivery rating of 75,000 would be equivalent to 75 delivery defects per I ,OHO deliveries. The cost management rating was a composite rating derived by the evaluation team, based on performance in five areas: cost management initiative, cost reduction activity, cost index performance, performance during new programs, and global market competitiveness. A consensus cost management rating of I to S Vass eventually reached by the evaluation team. The wavelength rating was a composite analysis of the suppliers initiative, attitude, responsiveness, attention to detail, and communication performance. In general, good performance in this area meant the supplier was customer focused With a continuous commitment to improvement in quality, technical support, delivery, cost, lead time, inventory turnover and EDI capability. The technical support rating was also a 5. Point consensus composite rating comprised of the groups assessment of the suppliers performance in the areas of assembly line support, design and process change information, manufacturing and design improvements, field problem resolution, test support, environmental responsibility, and supply management support. Recognition of supplier performance was an integral part of Deers APE. Suppliers were classified as Conditional, Approved, Key or Partner, based on their overall performance in the five rating categories (although the weakest category tended to heavily influence the overall evaluation). These classifications, with their required performance levels for each rating category, are shown in Exhibit l. Performance-level cutoffs were revised annually by Deere. Suppliers were given a Supplier Performance Summary each quarter, providing suppliers with their performance information as well as the cutoff information. .u8b10d57bcd51ab2a2ddb1222986307cd , .u8b10d57bcd51ab2a2ddb1222986307cd .postImageUrl , .u8b10d57bcd51ab2a2ddb1222986307cd .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8b10d57bcd51ab2a2ddb1222986307cd , .u8b10d57bcd51ab2a2ddb1222986307cd:hover , .u8b10d57bcd51ab2a2ddb1222986307cd:visited , .u8b10d57bcd51ab2a2ddb1222986307cd:active { border:0!important; } .u8b10d57bcd51ab2a2ddb1222986307cd .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8b10d57bcd51ab2a2ddb1222986307cd { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8b10d57bcd51ab2a2ddb1222986307cd:active , .u8b10d57bcd51ab2a2ddb1222986307cd:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8b10d57bcd51ab2a2ddb1222986307cd .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8b10d57bcd51ab2a2ddb1222986307cd .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8b10d57bcd51ab2a2ddb1222986307cd .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8b10d57bcd51ab2a2ddb1222986307cd .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8b10d57bcd51ab2a2ddb1222986307cd:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8b10d57bcd51ab2a2ddb1222986307cd .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8b10d57bcd51ab2a2ddb1222986307cd .u8b10d57bcd51ab2a2ddb1222986307cd-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8b10d57bcd51ab2a2ddb1222986307cd:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Creative writing: Five EssayConditional suppliers did not receive any formal connection or training from Deere, and were in danger of losing future Deere business. Approved suppliers were eligible to participate in Deere training programs. Key suppliers received a special Deere plaque and training benefits, while Partners received the training benefits and were also honored at a Deere awards banquet. Complex Parts Performance Information Complex Parts had achieved a quality rating of 666 for the past year, and a delivery rating Of 8650. Blake Roberts, the strategic member Of the evaluation team with eight years experience as a Deere buyer, thought some of Complex Parts subjective category performances were showing signs Of weakness. For instance, he thought they should be making more suggestions for cost reductions and eliminating more of the problems that had resulted in a number of late deliveries over the past year. Some requested price quotes had also not reached Deere on time. They had been doing a good job, though, of following through on suggestions for quality improvement offered by Deere, He considered their business approach with Deere to be very proactive. Halley Marie, a manufacturing planner for 23 years with Deere, was in charge of the mamas technical evaluation. Halley noted that Complex Parts had taken an active role in Case S 25 John Deere and Complex Parts, Inc. Exhibit I Supplier Classification Criteria Quality Delivery Wavelength Technical Cost MGM. Partner . :1000 Key

The Effects of Technology on the Accounting Profession Paper

Introduction In the past, people considered the axiom â€Å"Time is money† as a useless clichà © and believed in having all time in earth for meeting their goals in life. However, the current advancement in technology has proved it effective and true. For a person partaking certified public account (CPA) as a profession, the saying is more significant. CPA as a profession requires an individual to spend lots of time in formulating projects.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Effects of Technology on the Accounting Profession Paper specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Failure for an individual to spend enough time in a project leads to alteration of the quality of the project. Technological elements such as accounting software and accounting application devices also play a significant role in the CPA (Smith, 2012). Such devices not only aid in managing time, but also saving money. This paper aims at providin g detailed information on the diverse technologies employed in the CPAs. Accounting technologies Effect of technology in accounting is not something new; it has been employed in calculating and trailing numbers for long. Its essence can be traced to the work of Leonardo da Vinci. Leonardo designed â€Å"Codex Madrid†, a device used in identification of numbers. The invention of a calculator by Blaise Pascal and an adding machine by William Burroughs also justifies that accounting technology is not new. Continuous inventions also aid accountants greatly in managing their time and solving accounting problems amicably. The introduction of the first computer in the 20th century and its advancement for over 50 years also prove that technology enhanced success in accounting. Computers enabled individuals calculate and solve mathematical equations effectively. Advancement in technology also enabled the world of accounting advance from utilization of manual elements such as calculato rs and pencils to employment of electronic spreadsheets. Although California-based Intuit used brand Quicken software for so long, its implementation of QuickBooks software proved so effective (Smith, 2012). Since it launched QuickBook software, business persons with little information pertaining accounting have been succeeding in their businesses. Currently, there are many accounting software that meet the demands of diverse businesses in the world. A good example is Peachtree Complete Accounting for windows. Accounting software has aided CPAs significantly in not only saving time, but also money by granting accountants the opportunity of inputting data onto spreadsheets easily. It has also enhanced the transfer of information via network cables quickly and easily.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The utilization of technology in transfer of information eliminates the time spent in writing information and transporting documents from department to department (Smith, 2012). Mobile devices and cloud computing In addition to invention of accounting software, technological advancement also led to the introduction of mobile devices and cloud computing. Mobile devices aid accountants and business personnel in inputting and retrieving information from any place and at any time. Devices such as iPhone and Android Smartphone are also crucial in accounting. These devices enable accountants in accessing information that could aid in computations and calculations without accessing offices. For instance, it is evident that the utilization of Time Werks application via use of Task Timer stopwatch has benefitted CPA immensely. The application allows CPA not only to track information, but also to invoice and e-mail data quickly. Accounting calculators such as 10BIIC that costs approximately $6 have also been found effective in accessing stocks and conversions. Additio nally, 10BIIC also play a significant role in providing access to bonds and depreciation. The introduction of notebooks also enhanced the success of the CPA. Their current increase in market has been associated with the CPAs demand (Smith, 2012). There is also great possibility for the CPAs to gain access to other crucial data analysis tools such as XML and XBRL tags, and algorithms that will aid in analyzing organizations’ financial activities. Impact of technology to organization Advancement in technology plays a significant role in banking organization. It has made the process of tracking personal banking information very easy. Accounting software also enables a bank calculate taxes and bills for diverse businesses. Unlike in the past, most of the transactions in the bank are done electronically (Gup, 2003). Advancement in technology also contributed to the introduction of devices such as credit cards and automatic teller machines that aid in reducing time spent in carryin g out transactions in the bank. Computers also play a significant role in the bank; they aid in minimizing accounting errors.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Effects of Technology on the Accounting Profession Paper specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Conclusion In conclusion, employment of technology in accounting started long time ago. It started with the invention of machines such as calculators, machines that identified numbers, and first computers. Technological software plays a significant role in enhancing success in accounting. It enables individuals carry out their activities such as projects easily and quickly. Accounting technology also plays a significant role in enhancing success in mathematical calculations. It enables individuals sum up figures much quickly compared to the use of abacus. The invention of mobile devices also enhanced the success of accounting. It enables individuals solve accounti ng problems without referring to their respective offices. It is also evident that advancement in technology will lead to emergence of data analysis tools such as XML and XBRL that will aid in analyzing organizations’ activities. References Gup, B. (2003). The Future of Banking. New York: Greenwood Publishing Group. Smith, T. (2012). CPA 2012 AUD: How to Pass the CPA Exams After Studying for Two Weeks Without Anxiety. New York: T.SMITH. This report on The Effects of Technology on the Accounting Profession Paper was written and submitted by user Archer Wiley to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Sample Essay Question - Use Them As a Guide to Your Topic

Sample Essay Question - Use Them As a Guide to Your TopicHow do you write a sample essay question? I used to think that writing sample essays was just like any other thing that I have to do. You have to sit at your desk and brainstorm for hours. You write the right things down in the right order.Now, I realized that if you follow the right directions you will never be writing out of order. And you can use sample essay questions to create the topic for all kinds of topics. With just a little bit of planning, you can keep a straight track of the topic and use sample essay questions to find out what you need to know about it.First, you want to decide what type of topic you want to research. What was happening in the United States at the time that will help you find out about the country's history? You can do research about important events in US history, or you can find interesting facts about the country.Once you have decided on the subject matter, you will need to start writing down t opics that relate to the topic you chose. The process should take about an hour, or it may take longer if you use sample essay questions to help guide you through the steps.For example, if you choose colonial history, you want to write about what people did then to survive the Native Americans, as well as about the settlers who came to the area in the 1700s. If you use a sample essay question as a guide, you can ask yourself a few questions to help you decide which questions you want to ask yourself. This will help you to avoid being repetitive and to keep the topics unique from one another.You also want to write down your thoughts about how well you know the country you are writing about. If you want to use the topic as part of your degree program, you need to be aware of the geographical and historical background of the country you are studying. Otherwise, you will not be able to answer all of the sample essay questions effectively.You will also want to be aware of your previous s ubjects. If you have written for a while about American history, you may not have any real information about what was going on with the country in the 1700s. You will need to do some research on that topic, so that you can avoid being repetitive.When using a sample essay question as a guide, it is best to begin the research immediately before writing the essay. You will be able to decide what information you want to include, and you will be able to determine where to start with your research. Then, you can use sample essay questions to help you with finding the correct topics for the right order.

Cash for Clunkers Details

Cash for Clunkers Details Question: How does the Cash for Clunkers program work? Cash for Clunkers is a federal program designed to stimulate U.S. auto sales and help the environment by providing an economic incentive for consumers to replace old, low-mileage vehicles with new, fuel-efficient models that are safer and emit less pollution and fewer greenhouse gases. Answer: The basic concept is simple: if you trade in a low-mileage vehicle for one that meets a higher mileage threshold set by the Cash for Clunkers program, the government will provide up to $4,500 to help you purchase the new fuel-efficient vehicle. The details, of course, are more complicated. Under the Cash for Clunkers bill passed by Congress in June 2009, the passenger car you trade in must meet two criteria: The car has been registered and in use for at least a year (this provision prevents people from buying an old beater from a junkyard and trading it in for a new car);The vehicle must have a combined city and highway fuel-economy rating of 18 mpg or less.To qualify for the Cash for Clunkers program, the new car must be priced at $45,000 or less;The new car must have a federal fuel-economy rating that is at least 4 mpg better than the old car you’re trading in to qualify for a $3,500 voucher, or be rated at least 10 mpg better to get the maximum payment of $4,500. The rules for trucks are a little trickier. For light- and standard-duty model trucks, which include most sport utility vehicles (SUVs), vans and pickup trucks: The old vehicle must have a fuel-efficiency mileage rating of 18 mpg or less.The new vehicle must be rated at least 2 mpg better to qualify for the $3,500 voucher or at least 5 mpg better for the $4,500 payment. heavy-duty trucks The old truck you’re trading in must be rated 15 mpg or less.The new truck must be rated at least 1 mpg better to get the $3,500 voucher and at least 2 mpg better to qualify for the $4,500 voucher. work trucks The old truck has to be a 2001 model or older, and $3,500 is the only amount offered to help with the purchase of new work trucks. To compare vehicle mileage ratings for all model years back to 1985, see the interactive chart at www.fueleconomy.gov.

John Bergers Extended Definition of Home

John Bergers Extended Definition of Home A highly regarded art critic, novelist, poet, essayist, and screenwriter, John Berger began his career as a painter in London. Among his best-known works are Ways of Seeing (1972), a series of essays about the power of visual images, and G. (also 1972), an experimental novel which was awarded both the Booker Prize and the James Tait Black Memorial Prize for fiction. In this passage from And Our Faces, My Heart, Brief as Photos (1984), Berger draws on the writings of Mircea Eliade, a Romanian-born historian of religion, to offer an extended definition of home. The Meaning of Home by John Berger The term home (Old Norse Heimer, High German heim, Greek komi, meaning village) has, since a long time, been taken over by two kinds of moralists, both dear to those who wield power. The notion of home became the keystone for a code of domestic morality, safeguarding the property (which included the women) of the family. Simultaneously the notion of homeland supplied the first article of faith for patriotism, persuading men to die in wars which often served no other interest except that of a minority of their ruling class. Both usages have hidden the original meaning. Originally home meant the center of the world- not in a geographical, but in an ontological sense. Mircea Eliade has demonstrated how the home was the place from which the world could be founded. A home was established, as he says, at the heart of the real. In traditional societies, everything that made sense of the world was real; the surrounding chaos existed and was threatening, but it was threatening because it was unreal. Without a home at the center of the real, one was not only shelterless but also lost in nonbeing, in unreality. Without a home everything was fragmentation.​ Home was the center of the world because it was the place where a vertical line crossed with a horizontal one. The vertical line was a path leading upwards to the sky and downwards to the underworld. The horizontal line represented the traffic of the world, all the possible roads leading across the earth to other places. Thus, at home, one was nearest to the gods in the sky and to the dead of the underworld. This nearness promised access to both. And at the same time, one was at the starting point and, hopefully, the returning point of all terrestrial journeys.*  Originally published in  And Our Faces, My Heart, Brief as Photos, by John Berger (Pantheon Books, 1984). Selected Works by John Berger A Painter of Our Time, novel (1958)Permanent Red: Essays in Seeing, essays (1962)The Look of Things, essays (1972)Ways of Seeing, essays (1972)G., novel (1972)Jonah Who Will Be 25 in the Year 2000, screenplay (1976)Pig Earth, novel (1979)The Sense of Sight, essays (1985)Once in Europe, novel (1987)Keeping a Rendezvous, essays (1991)To the Wedding, novel (1995)Photocopies, essays (1996)Hold Everything Dear: Dispatches on Survival and Resistance, essays (2007)From A to X, novel (2008)

Formal Legal Brief on a Tort Law Case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Formal Legal Brief on a Tort Law Case - Essay Example Donoghue suffered severe gastroenteritis, shock, as a result, Mrs. Donoghue brought a claim for damages against Stevenson, and the trial judge found the action sustainable while the court of appeal overturned the decision. Mrs. Donoghue appealed to the House of Lords. Issues In this case, the issue was whether Stevenson the manufacturer of the beer owed Mrs. Donoghue who consumed the contaminated beer a duty of care. Stevenson raised an issue, where even if Mrs. Donoghueproved allegations of the consequences of the contaminated beer correct his duty of care did not extend to every consumer of the products he manufactured and for which he would not be liable. Lord Atkin stated that Mrs. Donoghue has to show that the injury resulted in breach of duty by Stevenson and in the circumstances by Stevenson to take reasonable care to prevent injury. Rules The rule applied in this case was the neighbor principle, which essentially states that if a negligence case is to be successful the proxim ity of the two parties that are the claimant and the defendant should not be too remote. The proximity of the defendant and the plaintiff should be that of a neighbor. To capture this position is Lord Atkin’s neighbor principle, which provides that some concept of relationship must be in existence giving rise to a duty of care. He goes ahead to state that the general rule that one loves his neighbor and one ought not to hurt his neighbor. A neighbor in this case gets a restricted response. The rule is that one should take reasonable steps to avoid acts or omissions, which are reasonably foreseeable, would be likely to injure one's neighbor. A neighbor according to Lord Atkin is anyone who is directly and, closely affected by ones act ions or omissions and one reasonably ought to have them in contemplation before doing the act or omissions in question. Analysis For an action in negligence to succeed, the plaintiff must show that there was a duty of care owed to the plaintiff b y the defendant. The defendant must have breached the owed duty of care, and as a result, the plaintiff suffered damage. This duty existed prior to the case of Donoghue V Stevenson, but the duty owed was usually in sheer circumstances or proximity between the two parties. In determining the existence of a legal duty of care based on the general principle of proximity of the parties and the foresee ability of the event in question. This case provided that even in situations where the duty of care did not initially exist an individual owes a duty of care, not to harm other people who are reasonably foreseeable to be hurt by such actions. In order for the action, to succeed Mrs. Donoghue had to establish the connection between her and the manufacturer, Stevenson in relation to the negligence. The duty of care in this situation is that of an ordinary, prudent man. According to the case of Anns v London Merton Borough foresee ability is what might be reasonably expected to occur due to t he actions of the defendant. The position is that liability may only arise in a case where the defendant would have foreseen the harm and avoided it. In this case, Stevenson knew that public members would consume the ginger beer and; therefore, Stevenson had a responsibility of ensuring the beer befit human consumption. The position in this case is that if a manufacturer puts a product for consumption in which the products form precludes examination

Naturalization Complicated for Many Immigrants by Marlena Hartz Essay

Naturalization Complicated for Many Immigrants by Marlena Hartz - Essay Example The states are still truly a place foreigner’s consider a place to achieve economic prosperity. Mexicans such as Marlena want to leave their homeland because in the United States they can earn in a day the salary that the typical worker earns in a week. To obtain a visa to enter the United States is not easy since there are so many people applying for them. According to the author of the article the US immigration offices have had a backlog of applications of over 12 years. Once a person obtains a visa the visa is given for up to 10 years, but the person is not a resident and has to renew the contract on a yearly basis after a rigorous auditing process. The person has to be a stellar citizen and comply with requisites as having a job, being in good standing with the law, and be able to write and read English. The article made a lot of relevant arguments on the subject which I agree with. Immigrants are hard workers that reach the mainland to improve their lives. The hard obstacles legal residents have to surpass are one of the reasons foreigners at times utilize other mediums such as illegal entrance into the USA. I agree with the article and the author’s points of view because the United States is a nation founded on the collective efforts hundreds of races, ethnic groups, and cultures created a rich blend of persons that founded the democratic nation of the United States of America. The second article analyzed on the topic of immigration in the US is called â€Å"A day without immigrants† by Lee Siu Hin. The article talks about the event that occurred on May, 1 2006 when over 10 million immigrants across the world went out into the US Street protesting for the civil of rights of immigrants across the nation. The article opposes the American policy on the immigrant issue which is taking right away from people living and working in the nation.

Advantages and disadvantages of consultant office

Advantages and disadvantages of consultant office Background An office generally a room which provide a space which business, clerical, or professional activities are conducted. An office building, also known as office block is a form of commercial building which contained spaces mainly designated to be used for offices purposed. This study will focuses on the consultancy office. Consultancy office is a service industry that giving expert advice in a particular field such as a business management consultancy to their clients. Consultancy office such as accountant office, lawyer office and others are important for businessman nowadays. The consultant is expert in a specific field and has a wide knowledge of the subject matters so that they can provide their client with much useful and knowledgeable opinion regarding to the related field. There are two types of office in the property market such purpose built office buildings and shop-offices. Purpose built office buildings are generally high-rise building with more than ten storeys and the building was purely used for offices purposed. Whereas the shop-offices generally low-rise buildings with two or three storey. It is a row of buildings in which separate shop-offices are linked together and it is tenant mix. The ground floor is used for the business such auto workshop and others, and for the upper floors is used for the office purposes. Shop-offices development was favorites by the office occupiers for last few years. It can be seen that the consultant office choose to be located in residential areas since last few years. The reason why they choose to rent for shop-offices in the residential as their work place is because of the rental price is much cheaper to compare to the purposed built office building. The office rental prices in prime building within the citys business district have rise due to the limited supply of purpose built office building. Furthermore, there is also low maintenance fees due to shop-offices usually required minimum maintenance and management care. As the company would like to cut costs by downsizing and relocating to less expensive offices, there could be higher demand for offices outside the main commercial districts, like the shop-offices which is located in residential areas. Problem Statements The demand of office building in commercial district areas is on the rise. But there is scarcity of development land in Centre Business District (CBD) create the risen of office rental price in the CBD areas. Because of this, peoples nowadays choose to move out from the CBD and find an office building outside the CBD areas. Normally, office buildings will be located in CBD. Because the CBD affords maximum accessibility through transport facilities for customers and employees and all the government offices, financial institution and retails are located within the CBD areas which is much more convenience for the officers to perform their work task. Today, there is a lot of consultant office choose to be rented an office at shop-offices lot which is located in residential areas. In today landscape, an integration of residential and commercial has symbiotically merged as one entity. It was not just a live space but also a work space for the human beings. They choose to be located in residential area because of low rental price, low maintenance fees and maybe less noise that make by the vehicles. There must bring some impact to the residents once the consultant office operated in residential areas. Residential areas should be a place which having privacy and safe for the residents. There would be more traffic volume in the residential area if the consultant office to be operated. And what the problem is whether the consultant office in residential area acceptable? Significance This study aims to examine the advantages and disadvantages of consultant office to be located in residential areas and also the problems faced by the both residents and office occupier in the selected residential areas and also to recommend some effectiveness measure to solve the problem that faced by the both party. This study will also aim to determine whether the consultant office is acceptable to be located in residential areas and is it the opportunities for consultant office to be located in residential areas. Objectives of Study There are three main objectives in this study: To study the location theory of office development To identify what is the advantages and disadvantages of consultant office in residential area for both selected residents and office occupiers in Petaling Jaya areas. To determine the step to be taken in order to improve and solve the problem that faced by the both selected residents and office occupiers of the residential area and also the consultant office. Scope of Study The scope of this study focused on the selected consultant office which is located in Petaling Jayas residential areas in order to figure out what are the advantages and disadvantages of consultant office in residential areas and how is the impact to the both residents and office occupiers in the selected area. The respondents of the questionnaire survey sheets are the residents of the selected residential area and the office occupiers of the selected consultant office in Petaling Jaya areas. Feedback from the both residents and office occupier can give some ideas that whether there is any advantages that is really benefit for the both party and whether there is any disadvantages that is really need to be improved. Methodology All the relevant data related to this study are obtained through primary data and secondary data. The primary data in this study will include of sampling, distribution of questionnaires and interviews. The respondents selected will be the both residents and office occupiers who are living in the selected residential area within Petaling Jaya areas through sampling. For the interview sections, respondents are targeted to the office managers who are representatives of building owners point of view and also the residents who are live within the selected residential areas. Through the responds from the questionnaires survey sheet, the advantages and disadvantages of consultant office in residential areas can be identified. Besides that, the problem face by the both party can also be identify. The collection of secondary data will be done through references of relevant books, journal, newspaper articles, conference paper, magazines, newspaper and internet searching and other sources. Structure of Study This study consisted of five chapters. Brief descriptions of the chapters are as follows:- Chapter 1 The chapter one will discuss on the introduction for the research. The first chapter is regarding the introduction of the study. This chapter consists of a simple introduction with a brief background of the study. Statement of problem, research objectives, scope of the study and methodology will be described in this chapter. Chapter 2 Chapter two is discusses on the literature review about the research title. In this chapter, location theory of office, services and facilities, planning and office development, location choices of office, land-use decision and neighborhood concept of the residential areas will be discussed. Chapter 3 Chapter three presents all the considerations related to the method and methodology that used in gathering the information needed. The combination of quantitative and qualitative research methods is used to carry out this study. Furthermore the sampling method, structure of questionnaire and interview guide is also discussed in this chapter. A discussion on respondents through interviews and questionnaires survey will also be included in this chapter. Chapter 4 Chapter four showed the statistical analysis performed on the data obtained from the survey sheets done bye the both residents and office occupier. Besides that, the analysis on the advantages and disadvantages of consultant office in residential area and also the problem faced by both occupiers will also be carried out by studying the information that gathered through interviews and questionnaire survey sheets and also the secondary data. The research answers from different party will be compared. Chapter 5 Chapter five is the discussion of the findings from the data obtained from the previous chapter. The conclusion and recommendations of this study will be discussed in this chapter. It gives an overview of the study along the implication of the study, suggestions and conclusion of the whole study. Some recommendations for the future study will also be included in this study.

English Vocabulary in Use Chapter 21/58

Chapter 21| | Rewarding| Gives you a lot of positive experiences| Fruitful| Produces good results| Lucrative| Makes a lot of money| Therapeutic| Makes you healthy in body and/or mind| Relaxing/calming| Reduces stress, gives a peaceful feeling| Time-consuming| Takes a long time to do| Culture vulture| Big fan of anything cultural| Couch potato| Physically very inactive person| Dabbler| Person who never keeps doing one activity for long| Doer| Person who believes in acting and doing things, not just thinking| Shopaholic| Person addicted to shopping: compare alcoholic: addicted to alcohol| Is†¦ into| Informal: takes a great interest in/is very involved in| Went off| Informal: stopped liking/lost interest| Locks herself away| Isolates herself from the world| Hooked on| Informal: is addicted to| Get up to| Informal: do| Full diary| A lot of commitments/activities| Chapter 22| | Scruff| Dirty and untidy person| Pastel| In pale colours| Power outfits| Formal clothes to make you seem powerful| Frumpy| Old-fashioned and boring| Outfit| Set of clothes for a particular occasion| Dress codes| Accepted way of dressing in a particular social group| Dress down| Wear less formal clothes| Smart-casual| Clothes that are informal, but clean, tidy and stylish| Dressy| Suitable for formal occasions| Skimpy| Close-fitting, using little material| Baggy| Loose eg. Of sweater| Snazzy| Modern, stylish| To be dressed to kill| Wear clothes to attract people’s sexual attention| Designer (label) clothes| Expensive clothes| Off the peg/rack| Cheap clothes| On the high street| Cheap clothes| Off the cuff| Without having prepared anything| To be hand in glove with someone| To have a close working relationship with someone| Cloak-and-dagger| Involving secrecy and mystery| To have/take the shirt of someone’s back| Someone’s last possession| On a shoestring| Spending as little as possible| Without frills| Simple and plain| To put someone in a straitjacket | Restrict someone’s freedom| To wear the trousers| To be the dominant partner in a marriage| Chapter 23| | Squat | An empty building where people start living without owner’s permission| Hovel| Very poor, dirty house or flat in bad condition| Pied a terre| Small flat/house in a city owned/rented by people in addition to their main house and used when visiting the city| Penthouse| Luxury flat at the top of a building| Council housing| Provided by state for people who cannot afford own home| High-rise flats| Flats in tall modern building with a lot of floors| Granny flat| Set of rooms for an elderly person, connected to relatives house| The rat race| Unpleasant way in which people struggle competitively for wealth and power| Fengshui| A Chinese philosophy position of buildings and arrangements of objects in their home affect health and well-being people. | Minimalism| A style involving using the smallest possible range of materials, colours etc. only the most simple shapes/designs| Post-modernism| A style of architecture. The arts etc. popular 1980’s – 1990’s| New age| A way of life and thinking developed late 1980’s, includes wide range of beliefs and activities not accepted by most people| Subsistence farming| Where people live by growing just enough food for their own family| A household word/name| Something everyone knows| A drink on the house| A free drink| Home truths| Information that is true but not pleasant or welcome| Nothing to write home about| Nothing special| Hit home| Become fully understood or fully felt| That’s the story of my life| That’s what always happens to me| Have the time of your life| Have a wonderful time| Get a new lease of life| Become more energetic and active than before| A dog’s life| A very unhappy and difficult life| Chapter 24| | Socialising| Spending leisure time with other people| A housewarming (party)| Party to celebrate moving into a new house or flat| A launch (party)| Party to celebrate the publication of book/new product| A fancy dress party| Party where everyone dresses up in costume as other people| A stag party| Party before the wedding for husbands and male friends| A girls’ night out/a hen party| An evening for just female friends. Hen party: for a wedding. | A reception| Formal party| Wedding party| Main group of close family and friends at a wedding| Black tie/white tie| Formal party with black bow ties or white bow ties| Networking| Making contacts that will be useful business/career| Old school tie/old boy network| Contacts made by the children of the upper class while at expensive private school| Pro-active| Taking action yourself rather than waiting for something to happen| Put themselves about| Informal: make themselves visible in the hope of being noticed by someone important| Climb the career ladder| Getting higher up in your career| To hobnob/hobnobbing| Negative association, to be friendly with someone who is important or famous| To rub shoulders with| Informal: mix socially with people who are famous| Hangs out with/knock around with| Spends social time with| A bash/do/get-together/booze up| A party, booze up = colloquial lots of alcohol| Outstaying my welcome| To host = staying to long| Party animal| Someone who loves going to parties| Party pooper| So meone who spoils parties by being disapproving/miserable| Clubbing| Going to one or more nightclubs| On the town| Enjoy the entertainment in a town| Chummy/pally| Friendly| Cliquey| Negative word for small group of people who spend time together and do not allow others to join them| An item | Having a romantic relationship| Stood me up| Failed to turn up on a date| Drop him| End our relationship| Gone on a pub crawl| Gone to spend an evening going to several different pubs| Chapter 25| | Overrated| Not as good as people say| Hackneyed| Done so often it is boring| Impenetrable| Complex and impossible to understand| Disjointed| Unconnected and not clear in order| Far-fetched| Impossible to believe| Risque| Slightly immoral and likely to shock people| Gripping| Exciting and keeping your attention the whole time| Harrowing| Extremely upsetting| Moving| Making you feel strong emotion, especially pity or sadness| Memorable| You remember it long after| Understated| Done or expressed in a simple but attractive style| Panned| Very negatively criticised| Lauded| Highly praised| Bombed| Was a failure| Awards| Prized/honours| Up-and-coming| Likely to become very famous or successful| Masterpiece| Very great work of art| Was miscast| Was the wrong actor for the role| Encores| Calls from the audience to repeat it| Standing ovation| The audience stood up and applauded| Interpretation| Way of understanding and performing it| Version| One of several performances that exist| Rendition| Performance on a specific occasion| Portrayal| The picture she created| Chapter 26| | Pulling the wool over†¦ eyes| Deceiving| Philistinism| Inability to appreciate art or culture| Detractors| Critics| Wised up| Become more sophisticated| Dumbed down| Become less intellectual| Tate modern| New modern art gallery in London| Renaissance| Period of new interest in the arts, Europe 14th/16th century| Fad| A short enthusiasm for something| Vote with their feet| Stop coming| Impressionism| Types of artist and schools of the last 150 years| Cubist| Types of artist and schools of the last 150 years| Surrealists/surrealism| Types of arts and schools of the last 150 years| Deemed| Considered (formal)| Visually literate| Educated with regard to art| Immune to/inured to| Not affected by| Opposites in the brackets| | Highbrow (lowbrow)| Intended for educated, intelligent people = disapproving| Impenetrable (transparent)| Extremely difficult to understand| Sophisticated (primitive)| Showing advanced skills and understanding| Challenging (undemanding)| Demanding considerable effort to be understood| Dazzling (pedestrian)| Inspiring great admiration because it is brilliant in some way| Evocative (uninspiring)| Calling up images and memories| Exquisite (clumsy)| Having rare beauty or delicacy| Intriguing (dreary)| Interesting because it is strange or mysterious| Peerless (run-of-the-mill)| Better than any other| Tongue-in-cheek (earnest)| Not intended to be taken seriously despite appearing serious| Chapter 27| | lurb| Short text on the back of a book describing what the book is about| Poignant chronicle| A moving and sad description of a sequence of events| Compelling tale| Powerful story that keeps you interested| Lugubrious setting| Rather dark and gloomy setting/situation| Page-turner| Very inter esting and engaging story| Enigmatic tale| Mysterious story| Macabre| Often cruel or disgusting, concerned with dead| Chilling| Causing great fear| Breath taking achievement| Amazing achievement| Wry humour| Humour in the face of a bad situation| Evocative scenes| Scenes which arouse memories or images| Journal| 1. A written record of what you’ve done each day 2. An academic publication containing articles, reporting research, new theories etc. ublished at regular intervals| Memoirs| Written record of person’s own life, typically by politician or military figure| Anthology| Collection of, for example, poems or short stories from different authors| Compendium| Collection of detailed, concise information about a particular subject| Manuel| Usually a technical book with instructions| Logbook| Book that records events and times etc. ship, plane etc. | Compulsive reading| Formal: difficult to stop once you’ve started| Can’t put down| Informal: difficult to sto p once you’ve started| Lightweight| Not complex, slightly negative connotation| Bedtime reading| Nice to read in bed| Heavy going| Difficult to read| Get into| Become involved/engaged with| Chapter 28| | Synthetic| Made from artificial substances| Wholesome| Good for you, physically or morally| Wholemeal| Containing all the natural substances in the grain with nothing removed| Fair Trade| Refers to products such as coffee, tea, chocolate marketed in such a way that the small farmers in developing countries who produce them get the profits rather than large multinational companies | Free-range| Relating to farm animals that are not kept in cages| GM| Genetically modified, i. e. the genes of a natural product have been altered in some way| Loopholes| Ways of getting round regulations| Derivatives| Things produced from| Recipe for| Situation sure to lead to| All the ingredients of| All the necessary characteristics| Dilute| Make less dominant| Stew| Worry or suffer especially about something you think is his fault| Grilled | Asked a lot of questions| Half-baked| Unrealistic or not thought through properly| Spice up| Make more lively| Unsavoury| Unpleasant, morally offensive| Turned sour| Went wrong| Juicy| Exciting and interesting| Chapter 29| | Split the bill| Each person will pay for him/herself| Is on me| Informal: I am paying for you| Join us| Come with us| Be our guest| Formal: we will pay| Get this| Informal: pay the bill this time| Wined and dined| Invited out to restaurants| Impeccable| Perfect, can’t be faulted| Sluggish| Rather slow| Courteous| Polite| Sullen| Bad-tempered/unwilling to smile| Overbearing| Too confident/too inclined to tell people what to do| Brusque| Quick and rude| Off-putting| Makes you feel you don’t want to go there again| Go out of their way| Do everything possible| Have a sweet tooth| Love sweet things| Count the calories/calorie conscious| Be careful how many calories I eat| Savoury| Salty in flavour or with herbs| Fussy eater| Person who has very particular demands when eating| Teetotal| Never drink alcohol| Dietary requirements| Formal: special needs/things someone can’t eat| Overdo it| Eat or drink too much| Take pot luck| Eat what we’re eating, nothing special| Bring a bottle| Usually means a bottle of wine| Dinner party| Rather formal dinner with guests| Informal get-together| Informal group of people meeting for a meal/drinks etc. | Seconds| A second helping/serving of a dish| Say when| Tell me when I have served enough| When! | That’s enough, thanks| Nibbles| Thinks like nuts, crisps etc. before a meal| Grab a bite to eat| Have a quick meal| Take away| Ready-cooked meal bought to take home| Chapter 30| | Give way/give way sing| Geef voorrang/voorrangsbord| Has the right of way| Is allowed to go before other traffic| Sounding/hooting/tooting your horn| Claxoneren| Jumping at red light| Not stopping at| Reckless driving| Very dangerous driving, without any care for others| Drink-driving| Driving when you’ve drank too much alcohol| Breathalyser| Instrument you breathe into to measure alcohol level| Hit-and-run| Running over/into someone and not stopping| Ban| Removal of one’s driving licence| Penalty points| Negative pints on your licence which are added up over time| On-the-spot-fines| Given at the scene of the offence| Exhaust emissions| Waste gases produced by the vehicle| Road worthy| In a condition that it can be driven safely| Tyre tread| The depth of the grooves in the tyre rubber| Tailback| Line of slow or stopped traffic| Pile-up| Crash between several or many cars| Diverted| Directed away from our road| Tow away zone| Area where your car may be taken away if you park illegally| Clamped| Fitted with a metal device on the wheel to prevent it from moving| Road rage| Anger or violence between drivers because of difficult driving conditions| Skidded| Lost control of the steering| Head-on collision| Two vehicles hitting each other directly in the front| Air-bags| Bags in your car that blow up when you crash | Chapter 31| | Scheduled flight| Normal regular flights| Charter flight| Special flight taking a group of people usually to the same holiday destination| Apex| Fares normally have to be booked a fixed no. of days in advance| Value for money/budget| Fare usually cheaper| Restrictions| e. g. you can only travel on certain days| Non-refundable| You can’t get you money back| Cancellation fee| Money you pay when you cancel| Stopover| You may stay somewhere overnight before continuing to you destination| All-in packages| Normally include accommodation and transfers| Transfers| e. g. us or coach to and from you hotel| Crossing| Sea travel on a ferry| Go on a cruise| Holiday on the sea| The holiday of a lifetime| One you will always remember| Berth/shared cabin| A bed in a cabin with other people| Deluxe cabin| Bigger and more comfortable| Upper deck| The h igher part of the ship| Exotic| Unusual or exciting| Get away from it all| Escape you daily life and routines| Getting around| Informal: travelling to different places| Unlimited mileage| You can travel as many miles as you like for the same price| Extras| e. g. accident insurance| Go as you please| Go where you want when you want| Self-catering| Where you do your own cooking| Chalet| Small cottage or cabin specially built for holiday makers| Guest houses| Private homes offering high standard accommodation | Inns| Similar to pubs, but also offering accommodation, usually beautiful old buildings| B and B| Bed-and-breakfast| Half board| Usually breakfast and one other meal| Full board| All meals| Chapter 32| | Escape the crowd| Go where there are not many people| Wander of the beaten track| Go to places tourists don’t normally go| Get back to nature| Live a natural rural style of life| A promising choice| A choice which could be a very good one| Boasts| This use of boast is for listing the good qualities of a place (formal)| Hordes| Crowds, in a negative sense| Tourism sector| Tourist industry (formal)| Seeking something out of the ordinary| Common collocation: looking for something different/unusual| Wealth of| Large amount of (formal)| Virgin| Original and natural| Flora and fauna | Plants and animals (Latin) fixed phrase| Ecotourism| Holidays that respect the environment| Unwind| Relax, reduce your general level of stress| Recharge| Get back you energy| The bush| A term for the wild, tree- or grass- covered areas in Africa or Australia| 4Ãâ€"4| Four by four: vehicles with driving power at all 4 wheels| Waterfront| On the edge of the sea or of a river| Discerning| Who knows what he/she wants in terms of good quality| Stunning| Extremely beautiful| Unbeatable| No other company can offer cheaper ones for the same service| Awe-inspiring| If fills you with a sense of power and beauty of what you’re looking at| Rambled, hikes, treks| These words represent a scale of length and difficulty| Ramble| Long pleasant walk, not too demanding| Hike| More demanding, suggesting more difficult terrain| Trek| Usually of several days over wild country| Unrivalled| No other holiday programme can match this| Savour| A word typically used in advertisements meaning enjoy| Heartland| The inland areas furthest from the sea or from borders with other countries| Chapter 33| | Prone to| Tending to have a particular negative characteristic| Arid| Dry| Drought| Period without rain| Tundra| Area in north with no trees and permanently frozen ground| Vegetation| Plant life| Coniferous| Trees that are evergreen (green all year round) and produce cones, unlike deciduous trees, which lose their leaves in winter| Prairies| Flat grasslands in Canada and Northern USA| Paddy fields| Fields planted with rice growing in water| Cereals| Type of grass cultivated to produce a grain i. e. a food plant like rice, wheat or maize| Tend| Take care of animals| Manufacturing| Producing goods in large numbers| Forefront| In an important position| Generates| Produces| Are descended from| Are related to| Ancestors| Relatives from earlier times: we are our ancestors’ descendants| Migrants| People who move to live in another country| Emigrant| Someone who leaves a country| Immigrant| Someone who moves to live in a country| Settled| Made their homes| Chapter 34| | Formal:| Informal:| Chilly| Freezing/nippy| Hot| Boiling/sweltering/roasting| Windy| Blowy/breezy | Oppressive/sultry| Stifling/heavy/close| Downpour/deluge| Chucking it down/ it’s pouring| Humid| Muggy/clammy| Climate metaphors:| | Climate of distrust| Climate of change| Cultural/current/economic / financial /moral/ political / social/ prevailing climate| Sunny disposition| †¦frosty reception| Job prospects are sunny| Snowed under with work| She said icily| Snowed under with work| Under a cloud of suspicion| Cloud you judgement| Hail of bullets| Hail/storm of abuse| In a haze| Hazy idea| In the mists of| Misty-eyed| Whirlwind of speculation| Whirlwind romance| Thunderous applause| The horses thundered down the race track| Winds of change/discontent/democracy| Chapter 35| | Cement| Make building/relationships stronger| Brick wall| Metaphorically: a barrier| Ceiling| Can be used to suggest a limit to something| Glass ceiling| Phrase used to refer to invisible barrier that stops people, especially woman, from rising to top positions at work| Roof| As metaphor: the roof fell on my world, the day he died. | Go through the roof| Colloquial phrase: 1. If prices go through the roof, they increase in a rapid, uncontrolled fashion. 2. Person goes through the roof, commonly used to mean lose one’s temper hit the roof| Tower| Conveys an idea of distance from ordinary people| Ivory tower| Someone living in it = he or she does not know about the unpleasant and ordinary things that happen in life| Tower of strength| About a person = extremely strong (emotional)| Towers above| Outstanding in some positive way| Gateway to| Metaphorical: provide access| Door| Like gateway to and other metaphorical phrases: * closed shut a lot of doors * opens door * close the door on our past.. | Doing something through/by the back door| Suggest doing it unofficially| Key| Metaphorical phrases: * provide/hold the key to†¦ * the key to success * key figures| Chapter 36| | Seed(s)| Often used to talk about the start of an idea or feeling: * the seeds of success * the seeds of discontent * the seeds of revolution| Root(s)| Is used to suggest the origins of something: * the root of a problem * the roots of a tradition * deeply/firmly rooted collocation| going back to your roots| going back to the place where your family come from| putting down roots| settling down and making your home in one place| take root| Idea becomes known or accepted| Grass roots| Is the ordinary people of an organisation, not the leaders| Stem| Used as verb to signify that something originates in something else| A branch| Something that grows off or branches out from main organisation: * branches of a shop * business branching out in new directions| Bud| Flower before it opens. | Nipped in the bud| Stopped before it develops into something| Budding (adjective)| Showing promise of future development| Weed out| Get rid off| Prune back| Cut/limit| Is reaping the reward of| Is getting results from| Have dug up| Have discovered| Was germinating| Was beginning to develop| Have been sprouting| Have been appearing quickly in large numbers| Is flourishing| Is doing very well| Sheds| Loses| Shed employees / traditions /worries / inhibitions / weight| Lose†¦.. | fading| (metaphorically) becoming smaller| Shrivelling| (metaphorically) becoming less| Wilt| (metaphorically) lose energy| Glance/look/remark can wither or be withering| Make the recipient feel scorned| Chapter 37| | Mammal| Animal that gives birth to live babies, not eggs, and feeds them on its own milk| Rodent| e. g. mouse, rat| Reptile| e. g. snake, lizard| Carnivore| Animal that eats meat| Herbivore| Animal that eats grass/vegetation| Predator| Animal that hunts/eats other animals| Docile| Behaves very gently| Tame| Not afraid of humans| Domesticated| Lives with ore is used by humans| Wild| Opposite of domesticated| Savage| Extremely violent or wild| Fierce | Behaves aggressively| Natural habitat| Preferred natural place for living and breeding| Game reserves/game parks| Areas of land where animals are protected from hunting, etc. | Bird sanctuary| Protected area where birds can live and breed| Animal shelter| Place where cats, dogs, horses, etc. hich have no home are given food and a place to live| Blood sports| Sports whose purpose is to kill or injure animals| The fur trade| The hunting and selling of animal furs for coats, jackets, etc. | Poachers| People who hunt animals illegally| The i vory trade| The buying and selling of ivory from elephants’ tusks| Animal rights activists| People who actively campaign for the protection and rights of animals| Chapter 38| | Shrinking habitats| Places where animals live and breed which are decreasing in size| Endangered species| Types of animals/plants which are in danger of no longer existing| Global warming| Steady rise in average world temperatures| Climatic changes| Changes in the weather/climate| Carbon dioxide emissions| Carbon dioxide gas from factories, cars, etc. | Fossil fuels| Coal, oil, etc. | Greenhouse effect| Warming of the Earth’s surface caused by pollution| Exerts severe pressure on| Formal: puts pressure on| Finite resources| Limited resources| Ecological balance| Balance of natural relationships in the environment| Deforestation| Destruction/clearing of forests| Demographic projections| Forecasts about the population| The worst case scenarios| The worst possibilities for the future| Pristine environments| Perfectly clean/untouched/unspoilt areas| Green credentials| Reputation for positive support of the environment| Prophets of doom and gloom| People who always make the most of depressing or pessimistic forecasts for the future| Sustainable development| Development of industry, etc. hich does not threaten the environment or social and economic stability| Piecemeal conservation| Carrying out conservation one bit at a time, with no overall plan| Chapter 39| | Prompt| Quick, without delay| Query| Question or enquiry about service| Responsive to complaints| They listen, take them seriously and act| Accommodating| Willing to understand and help| Got back to me| Called me with an answer to my query| Impeccable| 100% perfect| Obliging| Willing and happy to do things for you | Incompetent| Failing through insufficient skill, knowledge or training| Impersonal| Lacking a personal element| Shoddy| Poor quality (of service or of goods)| Substandard| Below the standard expected (often used about actions)| Uncooperative| Not supportive, unwilling to work together| Backlog| Number which are waiting to be dealt with| Sense of urgency| Feeling that your request is important or urgent| Helpline| Telephone number where you can get help if you have problems| Put you on hold| Make you wait| Under guarantee/warranty| Having a written promise by a company to repair or replace a faulty product| Secure site| Web address where no outside person can read your details| Privacy policy/safe transactions| Business exchanges which protect, e. g. your credit card from use by someone else| FAQ| Frequently asked questions| Browse| Look at the list of goods/services offered before buying| Immediate dispatch| Goods will be sent at once| Nationwide| Covering the whole country| Chapter 40| | Landing card| Form with your personal details and date of arrival| Customs declaration form| Form showing how much money and what goods you are carrying| Vaccination certificate| Paper proving you have had the necessary health injections| Entry restrictions| Rules about who can enter a country and for how long| Spot checks/random checks| Checks done without warning| Sniffer dogs| Specially trained dogs who can smell drugs and bombs| Clear customs| Take your bags through customs| Port of entry| The port or airport where you first enter a country | Political asylum| Permission to stay in another country to avoid political persecution back home| Economic migrants| People who try to enter from poorer countries just to get work| Offences| Offence is a formal word for an illegal action| Fixed penalty| Fixed sum payable for a particular offence| On-the-spot fine| Fine payable at the time and place that you commit the offence| Parking tickets| Papers places on driver’s windscreens fining them for illegal parking| Breathalyser| An instrument which you blow into that whose if you have consumed alcohol recently| Make a statement| Say what happened and sign a copy of it| Stop-and-search| Power to stop people and search them in the street| Surveillance cameras| Cameras that record everything that happens| Search warrant| Official permission from a judge or magistrate to search your house| Security forces| Often a name for the army and police together enforcing the law| Plain clothes/undercover police| Police who do not wear uniform| Paramilitary police| Police who are more like soldiers than civilian police officers| Drug squad| Policy specially trained to fight the illegal drug trade| Anti-corruption squad| Police specially trained to discover and fight bribery/corruption| Chapter 41| | Adherent (of)| A person who supports a particular idea or party| Convert (to)| Someone who has taken on a new set of beliefs| Fanatic| (disapproving) someone with a very strong belief| Radical| Someone who believes there should be extreme political change, either of a left- or right-wing nature| Reactionary| (disapproving) someone who opposed to change or new ideas| Bigot| (disapproving) someone with strong unreasonable beliefs who thinks that anyone with other beliefs is wrong| Feminism| Movement that seeks equal political and social right for women | Assumption| Unquestioning acce3ptance that something is true| Derives from| Has its origins in| Eradicate| Abolish or get rid of| Postulates| Basic principles| Consciousness| Awareness| Usher in| Introduce| Credible| Believable| Credulous| Too willing to believe what you’re told| Incredulous| Not wanting or able to believe something| Credence| (formal) acceptance that something is true| Gullible| Easily tricked into believing things that may not be true| Ingenuous| Trusting, sincere, often in a way that seems foolish| (im)plausible| (un)convincing| Ascribe/attribute| (formal) you consider something to be caused, created or possessed by that person or thing| A tenet| One of the principles on which a belief is based| Give someone the benefit of the doubt| To accept that someone is telling the truth even if you thought it is not certain| Take something with a pinch of alt| You do not totally believe what you are told| I don’t buy that! A likely storyWhat d’you take me for? I wasn’t born yesterday! Pull the other one! I’ll believe it when I see it! | (informal) I don’t believe it (yet)| Chapter 42| | Superstitious| Have illogical beliefs about hidden forces in nature| Centenary/bi-centenary| 100th anniversary/ 200th anniversary| Penance| Actions to show you are sorry for bad deeds| Fasting| Not eating for a long period| Flamboyant| Extremely colourful and exaggerated| Raucous| Very noisy| Sombre| Serious, heavy and sad| Atmospheric| Had a special feeling or atmosphere| Commemorates| Formal: respects and remembers officially| Chapter 43| | Syntax| The grammar and word order| Modality| Meanings such as possibility and necessity| Modal verbs| Like must, could and should| Phonology| The sound system| Phonemes| Different sounds that distinguish meanings| Diphthongs| Sounds made by combining vowels, such as ? and ei| Lexicon| Technical term for vocabulary| Compounds| Words formed by combining words| Graeco-Latin| Originally from Greek and Latin| Anglo-Saxon| Language of England from 500-100 AD| Orthography| Technical term for writing systems| Characters| Letters or symbols| Pictograms| Characters representing pictures| Ideograms| Characters representing ideas/concepts| Morphology| How words are formed| Morphemes| Units of meaning| Inflected| Words have endings to show tense, person, person, etc. | Isolating| Each words had only one morpheme| Chapter 44| | Feudal| Relating to a social system strictly organised according to rank typical of e. g. Europe in the Middle Ages| Medieval| Of or from the middle ages i. e. 1000-1500 AD| Renaissance| Period of new growth of interest and activity in the arts especially in Europe in the 14th to 16th centuries| Victorian| Relating to the period 1837-1901 when Victoria was Queen of Britain – associated with values of self-control, hard work, loyalty, strong religious beliefs| Infantry| Soldiers on foot| Cavalry| Soldiers on horseback| Legion| Roman army| suit of) armour| Metal protective clothing worn by soldiers| Chariot| Two-wheeled vehicle pulled by a horse and used in ancient times for racing and war| Galleon| Large sailing ship with three or four masts used in trade and war in the 15th to 18th centuries| Stagecoach | Covered vehicle pulled by horses that carries p assengers and goods on regular routes| Cart | Open vehicle with two or four wheels and pulled by an animal| Serf| Person working on the land who legally belongs to his master| Jester| Person who entertained people in the Middle Ages with jokes| Minstrel| Person who entertained people in the Middle Ages with music and poetry| Highwayman| Man on horseback who robbed travellers on roads| Chapter 45| | Absolute poverty| Is defenced according to an absolute minimum standard, often called ‘poverty line’| Relative poverty| Means that you are poor in relation to those around you| Income poverty| Means that you are poor if you have less money than the defined poverty line for your country| Human poverty| Takes into account other factors, such as life expectancy, infant malnutrition, illiteracy and lack of food or clean water| Malnutrition| Ill health caused by inadequate food| Illiteracy| Inability to read or write| Sanitation| Systems for taking dirty water and waste from homes to ensure good hygiene| GDP| Gross Domestic Product: the total value of all the goods and services produced in a country in one year, excluding income received from abroad| GNP| Gross National Product is GDP plus money earned from abroad by companies based in that country| Poverty alleviation| Reducing the level of poverty| Debt servicing| Paying back money owed on loans| Penury| The state of being extremely poor| The breadline| Having the level of income of an extremely poor person| Impoverished| Poor, without much money to live on| Destitute| Without money, food, home or possessions| Deprived| Not having the things necessary for a pleasant life- food, home, money| Living from hand to mouth| Having just enough money to live without suffering| Money has been tight| There has not been much money| Chapter 46| | Legislation| Law making| Constituents| People who elected on MP| Lobbies| Interest groups who try to influence MPs| Corporations| Large companies| Institute of Directors| Organisation of top business people| Ministers| MPs with top responsibilities, e. g. for health, education| Civil servants| People employed in government departments (the Civil Service)| Lobbyists| People who lobby| Chancellor of the Exchequer| Finance minister (in the UK)| Annual budget| Yearly financial plan (of tax rates, etc. )| Petitions| Formal requests often signed by lots of people| Tax concessions| Reductions in taxes| Producers| Manufactures: a person or business that makes something| Centralised| Concentrated in one central organisation| Close-knit| With close ties to each other| Well-funded| With plenty of financial support| Consumers| People who use/buy products| Fragmented| Separate; not centralised| Friends of the Earth| Large environmental organisation| Child Poverty Action Group| Large organisation helping children| Paid-up members| People who have paid their membership fees, i. e. ommitted members| Deputations| People sent to speak for a group| Counter| Oppose| Grievances| Complaints about unfair treatment| Appeal to| Request support from| Chapter 47| | To abrogate a law/treaty| To bring a law/treaty to an official end| To bend the law/rules| To break the law/rules in a way tha t is considered not to be harmful| To contravene a law| To break a law| To impeach a president/governor| To make a formal statement saying that a person in public office has committed a serious offence| To infringe someone’s rights| To prevent a person doing what they are legally allowed to do| To lodge an appeal| To make an official appeal| To uphold/overturn a verdict| To say that a previous decision was correct/incorrect| To pervert the course of justice| To put obstacles in the way of justice being done| To squash a decision/conviction| To change a previous official decision/conviction| To set a precedent| To establish a decision which must, in English law, be taken into account in future decisions| To award/grant custody to| To give one parent or adult the main responsibility for a child especially after separation or divorce| To annul a marriage/agreement/law| To declare that it no longer exist and never existed| Discrimination| Unfair treatment on ground of sex, race or nationality| Embezzlement| Stealing money that is in your care or belongs to an organisation that you work for| Harassment| Making a person feel anxious and unhappy | Insider trading/dealing| Illegal buying and selling of shared by someone who has specialist knowledge of a company| Joyriding| Driving around for enjoyment in a car you have stolen| M oney laundering| Moving money obtained illegally so that its origin cannot be traced| Perjury| Lying when under oath| Trespass| Go onto someone else’s land without permission| Civil(court)| Matters relating to, say, divorce| Indictable| i. e. hey are tried by indictment in a higher level of court| Summary (offences)| Are less serious and can be tried in lover level court| Binding | They have to abide by his or her decision| Chapter 48| | Patriotism| Loyalty to your own country| Deterrents| Ways of discouraging people from doing something because of the negative results| Outlaw| Make war illegal or impossible| 1918| End of WO I| Aerial warfare| Fighting a war using aeroplanes| 1945| End of WO II| Annihilation| Total destruction by nuclear weapons| Great powers| Most important political powers (used about the USA and the Soviet Union from the 1940s to 1990s)| Revulsion against| Feeling of total disgust towards| Causes| Movements, organisations| Gaining their ends| Achieving the ir aims| To wage war| To fight a war| Hostilities| Acts of war| To besiege| To attack a place by surrounding it| To ambush| To attack unexpectedly from secret positions| A truce| An agreement during a war to stop fighting for a time| A ceasefire| Agreement between two armies or groups to stop fighting| To rout| To defeat totally| Peacekeeping troops| Neutral soldiers engaged in keeping the peace in divided society| An international observer| Outside, neutral person or body| A campaign| Planned group of military activities| An incendiary device| Bomb| Germ/biological warfare| Using germs to cause disease among enemy soldiers or crops| Chapter 49| | Development grants| Are often given to poor regions (money to help economic development)| Sustainable development| Is the most important goal for most countries (development that does not destroy the economy/the environment, etc. )| Restrictive practices| The placing of unfair restrictions, e. g. limiting imports| Sanctions| Restrictions on what a country may import/export| Embargoes| Total prohibitions on importing/exporting certain goods| Devaluation/revaluation| Reduction/increase in value against other currencies| Slump in prices| Serious fall/collapse in prices| Fiscal measures| Measures concerning taxes, etc. | Boost the economy| Give the economy a lift| Chapter 50| | Was broke/skint| Had no money left: broke = informal, skint = very informal| I’m rolling in it| Informal: have a lot of money| To make ends meet| To survive financially| Things are a bit tight | Informal: my finances are not good| Strapped for cash| Informal: needed cash and had very little| Bounced| The bank refused to pay it| Make†¦ out to| What name shall I put on it| APR| Annual percentage rate of interest| Expires| Is not valid after| Credit card fraud| Illegal use of someone’s card or account| Charge card| Card where you must pay back the whole debt each month| Store card| Credit card issued by a store/shop for that store| Lump sum| Single, large payment| Golden handshake| Large payment to someone on leaving a job| Endowment| Combined insurance and savings plan that pays out after a fixed period| Life-savings| Money saved over many years| Share portfolios| Combination of stocks and shares of different kinds| Chapter 51| | Obituaries| Descriptions of the lives of famous people who have just died| Leader/editorial| An article giving the newspaper editor’s opinion| Classified ads| Pages of advertisements in different categories| Supplements| Separate magazines included with the newspaper| Feature| An article or set of articles devoted to a particular topic| Agony columns| Sections in a paper or magazine that deal with readers’ private emotional roblems| Agony aunt| Person, typically a woman, who answers letters in the agony column| Pamphlet| Small book with a soft cover, dealing with a specific topic, often political| Leaflet| Single sheet or folded sheets of paper giving information about something| Brochure| Small, thin b ook like a magazine, which gives information, often about travel or a company, etc. | Prospectus| Small, thing book like a magazine, which gives information about a school, college or university, or a company| Flyer| Single sheet giving information about some event, special offer, etc. , often given out in the street| Booklet| Small thin book with a soft cover, often giving information about something| Manual| Book of detailed instruction how to use something| Chapter 52| | Instant messaging| A kind of e-mail where both people are online at the same time| Chat rooms| An online conversation between a group of people on topics chosen by them, where you can enter or leave the ‘room’ at any time| Newsgroups| A website where people with shared interests can get news and information| e-commerce| All kinds of business done on the internet| Attachments| Files you send at the same time as e-mail messages| Browsing| Looking at different websites, with no particular goal| Surfing the web| Moving from one website or on web page to another, usually looking for something| Graphic images| Technical term for pictures, icons, diagrams, etc. | ISP| Internet Service Provider: a company that offers users access to the Internet and services such as news, e-mail, shopping sites, etc. usually for a monthly fee| Downloading| Bringing files to your computer from the internet| Uploading| Sending files from your computer to the internet or to another internet user| S pam| Unwanted advertisements and other material sent to you by e-mail from companies| Cookies| A kind of program that is sent from the internet to your computer, often without your knowledge, which can follow and record what you do, which websites you visit, etc. | Offensive material| Material such as pornography, or extreme political views, or material that encourages hate and violence against people| Bookmarked| Put it in a list of websites I can access immediately| Subscribe to| Become a member of| Screen out| Prevent from reaching you| Server| Central computer that distributes e-mail and other services to a group of users| Down| Not working| Hacked into| Accessed it illegally| Anti-virus software| Protection against computer viruses| Bounced| Came back to me| Garbled| Just a series of meaningless letters and numbers| Chapter 53| | Innovative| Original and interesting| Unsurpassed| The best there is| Leave other cars standing| Are much better than other cars| Put/leave other candidates in the shade| Make candidates from other courses seem insignificant| Rock-bottom| Extremely low| Slashed! | Dramatically reduced| Bargains galore! | A huge number of products on sale at ridiculously low prices| Pamper yourself| Treat yourself to something luxurious| Indulge yourself| Allow yourself something enjoyable| Sumptuous/opulent| Both adjectives mean rich and special: sumptuous collocates most strongly with words relating to food and furnishings, and opulent with words relating to lifestyle| In the lap of luxury| In a very luxurious way| Proven| Shown by research| State-of-the-art| Use the very latest technology| Stand out in the crowd| Be noticed| Tantalisingly| Temptingly| Fetching/alluring| Both adjectives mean attractive| Alliteration| Repetition of a sound| Billboards| Very large boards used for advertising| Flyers| Sheets of printed information advertising something| Trailers| Brief excerpts from a film, TV or radio programme which are used to advertise it| Sky-writing| Words written in the sky using smoke from a plane| Sandwich boards| Advertising posters hung at the back and front of a person who then walks around a busy area| Plug| Advertise| Chapter 54| | Pressure groups| People trying to influence what other people think about a particular issue| Air their views| Express their opinions| Seek publicity| Want to reach a wider audience| Press conferences| Meetings to give information to and answer questions from the press| Press release| Give a formal announcement to the press| Sound bite| Short memorable sentence or phrase that will be repeated in news bulletins and articles| Silly season| Time of year, summer in the UK, when there is not much happening and trivial stories end up on the front page| Useful sources| Making use of people or organisations which regularly provide news| Monitoring| Regularly checking| Column inches| Space| Put their own gloss/spin on a story| Present a story in a particular way| Muck-raking| Collecting scandal (informal and disapproving)| Arag| Informal for a newspaper and it suggests that it is not of very high quality| Gutter press| Disapproving term used about the kind of newspapers and magazines that are more interested in crime and sex than serious news| Glossy| Expensive magazine printed on good quality paper| Copy| Produced by journalist, having to be ready for a deadline| Deadline| Moment that al the articles have to be finished and ready to go to the press| Stop press| Place for very important stories| Hot off the press| A very new newspaper or story| Exclusive| A story that is only to be found in one newspaper| Scoop| Story discovered and published by one newspaper before all the others| Hit the headlines| Story breaks| Story breaks| Becomes public knowledge| Chapter 55| | Fighting off| Trying to get rid of| Gone down with| Has caught, usually a non-serious illness| Come down with| With I we say come down not go down| I got over it| Got better/recovered| Recovering from| Getting better: uses for more serious illnesses| Suffers from| Used for more long-term problems| Died of/from| Not: he died with lung cancer| Healthcare| General expression for all of the services offered by hospitals, clinics, dentists, opticians, etc. | National insurance| Tax paid by most adults which covers the costs of healthcare for everyone| National Health Service| British name for the service that covers hostpitals, clinics, dentists, etc. family doctor/GP| doctor who looks after people’s health: GP means general practitioner| Surgery| Small centre with just two or three doctors| clinic| Large centre with several doctors and kinds of services| Prescription charge| Charge for the medication the doctor prescribes, which you pay at a pharmacy| Go private| Choose private he althcare| Diabetes| Disease where the body does not properly absorb sugar starch| Bronchitis| Inflammation in the breathin system, causing you to cough| Heart disease| Serious illness connected with the heart which can lead to a heart attack| Skin cancer/lung cancer/breast cancer| Harmful tumours in those areas| TB (tuberculosis)| Infectious disease in the lungs| Cholera| An intestinal disease that can be caused by bad drinking water| Hepatitis| Inflammation of the liver| Typhoid| Fever, with red spots on the chast and abdomen| Heart attack/failure| When the heart fails| Chapter 56| | Hurt| Gives pain caused by an injury| Ache| To suffer a usually dull persistant pain| (the usual) aches and pains| Often used to refer in a non-serious way to minor problems| Cuts and bruises| Can refer to minor injuries| Stinging| Sudden, burning pain| Throbbing| Beating with pain| Stiff neck| Pain and difficulty in moving your neck round| Dizzy| A feeling that you are spinning round and can’t balance| Feverish| With a high temperature| Nauseous| Feeling that you want to vomit| Trembling| Shaking| Bunged up| Blocked| Off-colour/under the weather/ out of sorts| Informal expressions that mean ‘not well, but not seriously ill’| Alternative medicine| Different from typical western systems: * acupuncture * chripractic * herbal medicine| Homeopathy| Taking tiny amounts of natural substances to treat an illness| Aromatherapy| Using aromatic oils and massage| Chapter 57| | Clotting| Forming a partly solid lump| Dehydration| Not having enough water in your body| Ulcer| Painful infected area on the skin or inside your body| Side effects| Unwanted effects in addition to the intended one| Stools| Medical term for (formal) excrement or (informal, childish) pooh| Symptom| (methaphor) Often used when talking about problems in society| Prognosis| (methaphor) How experts expect it to develop| Ailing| (methaphor) One that has a lot of problems| A rash of| (methaphor) A number of similar things happening at the same time| Fever| (methaphor) Great excitement| Fever pitch| (methaphor) A points of very high intensity| jaundiced| (methaphor) Unenthusiastic or sceptical because of previous bad experiences| Carry the scars of/be scarred by | (methaphor) be permanently affected by a negative experience| Chapter 58| | Cholesterol| Fatty substance found in the body tissue and blood of all animals| Plaque| Unwanted substance that forms on the surface of the arteries| Offal| Organs from inside animals which are eaten as food (brains, heart, kidneys, liver)| Excreted| Got rid of from the body| Fibre| Substance in food that travels through the body as waste helping digestion| Buffer| Something (or someone) that helps protect from harm| Gut| Tubes that carry food from the stomach| Cardiovascular| Affecting the heart and blood circulation| Diabetics| an illness in which the body cannot cope with glucose because it does not produce enough insulin| Glucose| Sugar| Insulin| Hormone that controls the level of sugar in the body| Pounds| Measure of weight 1 pound (lb) = 454 grams| Mood enhancer| Hormone that makes you feel happier| Sports and fitness metaphors:| | Scored an own goal| Made things worse rather than better| Moving the goalposts| Changing the rules| Level playing field| Fair situation| In the running| Seriously considerd| Neck and neck| Level with each other and equally likely to win| Skate around| Don’t talk directly about| Sailed through| Passed very easily| Also check: Chapter: 41 A 43 A + end B 44 A 48 C 49 A/B/C